The invention relates to a burner for gaseous, fluid or powdery fuels, into which three components are introduced: a fuel (40); an oxidizing gas (10), for example air; and an inert gas (20), for example gases produced by combustion, nitrogen or water vapor. Two components, for example, air and inert gas, are mixed together and propelled by at least one injection stage (95) arranged at different positions in relation to the movement of the fuel.

According to an embodiment, a combustion system is provided, which includes a nozzle configured to emit a diverging fuel flow, a flame holder positioned in the path of the fuel flow and that includes a plurality of apertures extending therethrough, and a preheat mechanism configured to heat the flame to a temperature exceeding a startup temperature threshold.

The present invention relates to a hybrid combustion system (1) wherein rich homogeneous combustion and lean catalytic combustion are carried out consecutively, which results in zero NO.sub.x emission and is used for obtaining domestic hot water. The present invention relates to a combustion system wherein two serially connected heat exchangers units, which are located in the outlets of the rich homogeneous combustion unit and the lean catalytic combustion unit, transfers the heat generated during combustion reactions into domestic radiator heating water and/or tap water for hot water generation.

In a method and system for the combustion of ammonia, wherein a first combustion chamber receives ammonia and hydrogen in controlled proportions, and an oxygen-containing gas such as air. Combustion of the ammonia and hydrogen produces nitrogen oxides among other combustion products. A second combustion chamber receives the nitrogen oxides along with further ammonia and hydrogen in further controlled proportions along with further oxygen-containing gas such as air. The nitrogen oxides are combusted into nitrogen and water.

Compressed air is partially combusted with a fuel, cooled by counter current convection against mixed feed comprising steam and a hydrocarbon whereby the mixed feed reacts to form syngas, the air is further combusted with fuel and cooled against mixed feed, whereby the mixed feed reacts to form syngas, and the air is then expanded to perform work on a load. The mixed feed and combustion gases exchange heat counter currently at approximately the same respective pressures of 30 bar. The flame temperature, firing rate, NOx production, bridge wall temperature, and the expense of downstream heat recovery are reduced compared to radiant furnaces used for steam reforming. The radiant zone in steam reforming is replaced with smaller equipment. Steam export is eliminated.

A combustor for providing homogeneous combustion of liquid fuels includes an essentially tube shaped combustion body, including a combustion chamber having a plurality of reaction zones, one of which is an injection zone, the others being combustion zones for staged homogeneous combustion of evaporated fuel and air. A swirler, including a base and swirler elements, is configured to operate at a swirl number between 0.6-2.5 in combination with a flow constriction plate whose size is such that the ratio of the open diameter (De) of the constriction to the diameter (D) of the combustion body is <0.7 and the constrictor plate is placed at a distance (L1) from the base of the swirler base so that L1/De>1. A primary mixing plate is placed downstream from the constriction plate at a distance (L2) so that the ratio L2/L1<1 to allow maximum mixing of the homogeneous combustion.

A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

A co-firing process is described using cleaned coal and processed biomass to reduce adverse by-products in a coal combusting apparatus. The coal feedstock comprises an aggregate blend of cleaned coal and processed biomass. The biomass feedstock comprises processed biomass pellets. The total energy density is predetermined and can be similar to the coal component or higher than the coal component. The intracellular salt in the processed biomass is at least 60 wt % less for the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock used to make the processed biomass pellets than that of the starting un-processed processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock. The cleaned coal has a sulfur content that is 50 wt % less than that of un-cleaned coal before it passed through the coal-cleaning sub-system.

The present invention relates to a hybrid combustion system (1) wherein rich homogeneous combustion and lean catalytic combustion are carried out consecutively, which results in zero NO.sub.x emission and is used for obtaining domestic hot water. The present invention relates to a combustion system wherein two serially connected heat exchangers units, which are located in the outlets of the rich homogeneous combustion unit and the lean catalytic combustion unit, transfers the heat generated during combustion reactions into domestic radiator heating water and/or tap water for hot water generation.

A method for heating a heating chamber to a temperature below the spontaneous ignition temperature of the fuel that is used, wherein fuel and air are reacted in flameless oxidation in a non-stoichiometric mixture ratio in a combustion chamber. The air ratio is at least lower than the stoichiometric ratio =1 such that the temperature in the combustion chamber does not exceed the temperature at which thermal nitrous oxide generation begins. Otherwise, is established such that the spontaneous ignition temperature of the fuel is exceeded. This results in two permissible air ratio ranges, between .sub.min and .sub.1 in sub-stoichiometric operation, and .sub.2 to .sub.max in superstoichiometric operation of the combustion chamber. The still-reactive gases released from the combustion chamber are made to react in the heating chamber, preferably by flameless oxidation. This avoids thermal nitrous oxide generation in the heating chamber.