A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

A combustion system includes a perforated flame holder positioned within a combustion volume, a nozzle configured to emit a fuel stream toward the perforated flame holder, an oxidant source configured to introduce an oxidizer fluid into the combustion volume, and a flue gas recirculation (FGR) channel having a first end in fluid communication with the combustion volume downstream of the perforated flame holder and a second end in fluid communication with the oxidant source. A controller is configured to hold a combustion parameter within a selected range of values by regulating a quantity of flue gas flowing in the FGR channel.

A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a non-planar perforated flame holder configured to hold a combustion reaction.

A combustion system outputs fuel gas from a plurality of fuel ejectors toward a forward end of a burner wall and preheats a perforated flame holder by sustaining combustion reaction of the fuel gas at combustion zone between the burner wall and a perforated flame holder. The combustion system then outputs fuel gas from the fuel ejectors onto the perforated flame holder and sustains a combustion reaction of the fuel gas within the perforated flame holder.

A burner includes a housing, a fan, a burning head and an ignition mechanism. An air inlet of the housing and an input end of the burning head form a pressure equalizing cavity. The ignition mechanism is arranged at an output end of the burning head. The burning head includes a main frame and at least one stable burning isolation strip, an interior of the main frame is divided into at least two ventilation areas by the stable burning isolation strip in a gas channel direction. A plurality of separation mechanisms is arranged in each ventilation area and divide the ventilation area into a plurality of through holes arranged in the gas channel direction, the through holes are used for allowing mixed gas to pass through and strengthening the mixing effect. The burning flame of a burning surface of the main frame can be divided into mutually independent flames by the stable burning isolation strip. The burner can be used in gas stoves, low-nitrogen combustion engines for a gas boiler, gas water heaters and gas heating water heaters.