A tubular burner and methods of use in a furnace having reduced NO.sub.x emissions are provided. The tubular burner comprises a structural skeleton and a mesh screen disposed about the structural skeleton. The structural skeleton may be coupled to an air/fuel mixture source. The structural skeleton may comprise a hollow interior and a plurality of perforations to allow the air/fuel mixture to pass from the interior of the structural skeleton to the exterior. The burner systems may further comprise a plurality of holes spaced along and between the burners for cross-lighting of multiple burners using a single igniter.

A totally aerated combustion burner has a combustion plate part through which an air-fuel mixture is ejected. The combustion plate part includes: an air-fuel mixture permeable body made from metallic fibers to allow the air-fuel mixture to pass therethrough; and a distribution plate having formed therein a multiplicity of distribution holes and being stacked on a back surface of the air-fuel mixture permeable body. An air-fuel mixture permeable body is constructed by laminating a plurality of metallic-fiber woven bodies which are woven by metallic-fiber threads obtained by bundling a plurality of metallic fibers relatively large in diameter. These metallic-fiber woven bodies are laminated such that a part of meshes in one metallic-fiber woven body overlaps a portion other than meshes in another metallic-fiber woven body, said one metallic-fiber woven body and said another metallic-fiber woven body that lies adjacent to each other in the laminating direction.

A combustion membrane for a gas burner including a fabric having two opposite fabric surfaces, which form a combustion surface exposed on the outer side and an inner surface facing towards an inner side respectively, where the fabric forms an interlacing of metal wires having warp threads and weft threads transverse to the warp threads, where the fabric has localized first areas with reduced gas permeability, alternated with localized second areas with higher gas permeability than the first areas, and both the first areas and the second areas have an extension, in at least one direction in the plane of the fabric, greater than the space occupied by at least three consecutive warp threads in the weft direction and greater than the space occupied by at least three consecutive weft threads in the warp direction.

A combustion membrane for a gas burner including a fabric having two opposite fabric surfaces, which form a combustion surface exposed on the outer side and an inner surface facing towards an inner side respectively, where the fabric forms an interlacing of metal wires having warp threads and weft threads transverse to the warp threads, and where both fabric surfaces form ribs in high relief alternating with valleys in low relief and that both the ribs and the valleys have an extension, in at least one direction in the plane of the fabric, greater than the space occupied by at least three consecutive warp threads in the weft direction and greater than the space occupied by at least three consecutive weft threads in the warp direction.

A burner system for a furnace. The system may have a wedged or other shaped burner box. An air-fuel mixer may be attached to a smaller end of the burner box at virtually any angle relative to a direction of a gas and air mixture leaving the larger box end. A burner head may be attached to the larger end of the box. The burner head may be sufficient for numerous heater sections of a heat exchanger. A spacer and a radiation shield may be situated between the burner head and heat exchanger. An addition of the radiation shield may reduce the operating temperature of the burner box, burner head and/or spacer. A fan may move the gas and air mixture from the mixer, through the box and the burner head. The mixture may be ignited into a flame which is moved into the heat exchanger.

A fuel oil provision-vaporization-pressure regulation-full premixed combustion system includes an air pump, a fuel tank, a vaporizing chamber, a preheater, a premix nozzle, an ignition device, a full premixed combustor and an intake guiding device. The air pump communicates with an air inlet of the fuel tank through a first conduit. The fuel tank is provided with a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet pipe. The fuel outlet pipe communicates with a fuel inlet of the vaporizing chamber through a second conduit. The vaporizing chamber is provided with the preheater. A fuel outlet of the vaporizing chamber is in communication with an air inlet of the premix nozzle through a third conduit. An air outlet of the premix nozzle opens to the intake guiding device. An outlet of the intake guiding device communicates with the full premixed combustor. The full premixed combustor is provided with the ignition device.

A total primary combustion burner which includes a burner body with an air-fuel mixture chamber into which an air-fuel mixture of a fuel gas and primary air is supplied, a combustion plate portion covering an opening surface, which faces the air-fuel mixture chamber, of the burner body, and a backfire suppressing plate portion disposed opposite the combustion plate portion with a gap inside the air-fuel mixture chamber. The air-fuel mixture passing through the backfire suppressing plate portion ejects from the combustion plate portion and undergoes combustion. The total primary combustion burner is configured so that backfire can be suppressed as much as possible while suppressing pressure loss, even when using hydrogen as the fuel gas. The backfire suppressing plate portion has a sintered sheet obtained by sintering a laminate made by sintering an aggregate of metallic fibers or beads.

A combustion membrane (14) for a gas burner (2) comprises a fabric (21) having two opposite fabric surfaces (19, 20) which form a combustion surface (19) exposed on the outer side (17) and an inner surface (20) facing an inner side (18), respectively, wherein the fabric (21) forms an interlacement of metal threads (22) comprising warp threads and weft threads transverse with respect to the warp threads, wherein both fabric surfaces (19, 20) form high-relief ribs (23) alternating with low-relief sags (24), and the ribs (23) comprise: weft ribs (25) formed by weft threads and extending in the weft direction (26) arranged in weft rib sequences (2) aligned along weft directions (26) substantially straight and parallel to one another, and warp ribs (27) formed by warp threads and extending in the warp direction (28) and arranged in zigzag warp rib sequences (27), wherein all the warp threads participate in the formation of said warp ribs (27) in an alternating and repetitive manner along the extension thereof in the warp direction (28).

A combustion membrane (14) for a gas burner (2) comprises a fabric (21) having two opposite fabric surfaces (19, 20) which form a combustion surface (19) exposed on the outer side (17) and an inner surface (20) facing an inner side (18), respectively, wherein the fabric (21) forms an interlacement of metal threads (22) comprising warp threads and weft threads transverse with respect to the warp threads, wherein: both fabric surfaces (19, 20) form high-relief ribs (23) formed by a main float thread (25), respectively, extending straddling exactly three underlying transverse threads, and wherein a side thread bridge (25), extending straddling exactly one underlying transverse thread, is formed on both longitudinal sides of each main float thread (25), so that the main float thread (25) and the two side thread bridges (25) delimit a cross thread configuration (25) formed by mutually parallel threads.

A combustion membrane (14) for a gas burner (2) comprises a fabric or mesh (21) of interlaced metal threads (22), having two opposite interlacing surfaces (19, 20) which form a combustion surface (19) and an inner surface (20) of the fabric/mesh (21), respectively, wherein the metal threads (22) are formed by twisted metal fibers (22) to form a yarn and: the individual metal fibers (22) are shorter than the yarn (22) formed therefrom, and free ends (22) of the metal fibers (22) protrude divergently from the yarn (22) along its longitudinal extension and make the yarn (22) hairy, and the metal thread (22) is a yarn (22) of mass per length in the range from 0.8 g/m to 1.4 g/m.