Provided are a gasification furnace operating method, a gasification furnace, a two-stage gasification apparatus, a gasification method for an organic raw material, and a two-stage gasification method for organic waste that make it possible to stably operate a gasification furnace over a long period of time. The present invention provides a gasification furnace operating method including, in a gasification furnace into which an organic raw material is introduced and that produces gas and slag, directly or indirectly introducing an alkali metal-containing compound into the gasification furnace to reduce the viscosity of the slag.

A pyrolysis waste-to-energy conversion system has a muffle furnace housing a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace. A rotating retort drum drive applies rotary drive to the inlet rotating retort drum sleeves and an in-feed auger is within a tube within the inlet sleeve. An out-feed auger is within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system. The inlet sleeve and said outlet sleeve are arranged to provide a gas seal to prevent air ingress or syngas egress to and from the rotating retort drum. A gas cleaning system has a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system.

Disclosed is a reactor and method for thermochemically degrading wet biomass without the need for prior drying, in particular microalga-rich substrates. The invention provides a vertical continuous multiphase reactor (VCMR) that simultaneously, progressively and continuously carries out the steps of evaporation, pyrolysis, gasification and combustion, in separate chambers, using indirect heating. The reactor operates at pressures below atmospheric pressure to increase thermal and productive efficiency, using a fraction of the same products as fuel to achieve thermal self-sufficiency. A system for instant evaporation at low temperature by means of adiabatic expansion is used. The reactor has high efficiency and high yield, requiring minimum space, and can be movable. The products obtained from the reactor are synthesis gas, biocarbon and bio-oils, with uses in energy, agriculture, cosmetics, health and construction. The invention also provides a method for obtaining hydrocarbons and energy from high-moisture biomass, wherein the steps are carried out continuously and the method does not need to be interrupted to add new wet biomass for conversion.

In apparatus and method for waste treatment by pyrolysis, treated waste is flushed through a grid (18) to trap recyclable material in the pyrolysis chamber (24). Pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of from 400-700° C. and off-gases are dissolved in a solution in scrubber (13) for disposal in a water course. Water is introduced into the chamber as superheated steam via pipes (5) so as both to flush away treated material and clean the chamber. Recyclable waste is separated from non-recyclable by treating non-recyclable waste by pyrolysis, and flushing treated non-recyclable waste away through liquid exhaust (8). Apparatus is made as a modular, free-standing unit and comprises plugs for connection to an electricity supply, to a water supply, and to a sewerage system (16) and has a chamber with a volume in the range 0.01-0.5 m.sup.3.

In apparatus and method for waste treatment by pyrolysis, treated waste is flushed through a grid (18) to trap recyclable material in the pyrolysis chamber (24). Pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of from 400-700° C. and off-gases are dissolved in a solution in scrubber (13) for disposal in a water course. Water is introduced into the chamber as superheated steam via pipes (5) so as both to flush away treated material and clean the chamber. Recyclable waste is separated from non-recyclable by treating non-recyclable waste by pyrolysis, and flushing treated non-recyclable waste away through liquid exhaust (8). Apparatus is made as a modular, free-standing unit and comprises plugs for connection to an electricity supply, to a water supply, and to a sewerage system (16) and has a chamber with a volume in the range 0.01-0.5 m.sup.3.

A method and apparatus for removing pollutants from organic solid waste by pyrolysis coupled with chemical looping combustion are provided. The apparatus includes: an air reactor, a fuel reactor, and a pyrolysis gasifier. The pyrolysis gasifier is sleeved outside the fuel reactor, and the air reactor is connected with the fuel reactor. A top end of the air reactor is connected with a top delivery pipe; the top delivery pipe is connected with a first cyclone separator; and the first cyclone separator is connected with an oxygen carrier refeeder provided at a top end of the fuel reactor. The apparatus forms a two-stage reaction unit of pyrolysis and chemical looping combustion by decoupling the pyrolysis process from the chemical looping combustion, which avoids the contact between the complex ash of organic solid waste and the oxygen carrier, thereby improving the service life of the oxygen carrier.

A method and apparatus for removing pollutants from organic solid waste by pyrolysis coupled with chemical looping combustion are provided. The apparatus includes: an air reactor, a fuel reactor, and a pyrolysis gasifier. The pyrolysis gasifier is sleeved outside the fuel reactor, and the air reactor is connected with the fuel reactor. A top end of the air reactor is connected with a top delivery pipe; the top delivery pipe is connected with a first cyclone separator; and the first cyclone separator is connected with an oxygen carrier refeeder provided at a top end of the fuel reactor. The apparatus forms a two-stage reaction unit of pyrolysis and chemical looping combustion by decoupling the pyrolysis process from the chemical looping combustion, which avoids the contact between the complex ash of organic solid waste and the oxygen carrier, thereby improving the service life of the oxygen carrier.

A waste processing system includes a pyrolysis apparatus that pyrolyzes a combustible waste, a melt-and-mold apparatus that generates an ingot of resin and combustible gas from a synthetic-resin waste, and an oil extraction apparatus that generates combustible oil and combustible gas from the ingot of resin. The melt-and-mold apparatus has a melter that melts the synthetic-resin waste using heat produced by the pyrolysis apparatus, the oil extraction apparatus has a pyrolyzer that pyrolyzes the ingot of resin using the heat produced by the pyrolysis apparatus, and at least one of the combustible gas generated at the melt-and-mold apparatus and the combustible gas generated at the oil extraction apparatus is supplied to the pyrolysis apparatus.

A waste processing system includes a pyrolysis apparatus that pyrolyzes a combustible waste, a melt-and-mold apparatus that generates an ingot of resin and combustible gas from a synthetic-resin waste, and an oil extraction apparatus that generates combustible oil and combustible gas from the ingot of resin. The melt-and-mold apparatus has a melter that melts the synthetic-resin waste using heat produced by the pyrolysis apparatus, the oil extraction apparatus has a pyrolyzer that pyrolyzes the ingot of resin using the heat produced by the pyrolysis apparatus, and at least one of the combustible gas generated at the melt-and-mold apparatus and the combustible gas generated at the oil extraction apparatus is supplied to the pyrolysis apparatus.

The present disclosure is directed to a treatment system for medical and toxic waste. The system comprises two parts, a heterogeneous gasification system, in which syngas is produced from non-homogeneous waste, and a pyrolysis system, in which medical and hazardous waste are pyrolyzed using the syngas produced from the heterogeneous gasification system. The heterogeneous gasification system comprises a gasifier reactor having a reactor zone connected with an ash distillation zone, a re-fueling structure, an open-top water tank that wraps around the entire bottom section of the gasification system, and a gasification-agent supply module having a supply-end connected to the bottom of the gasifier reactor and a demand-end connected to the pyrolysis system. The pyrolysis system comprises a rotatable pyrolysis reactor having a horizontal and hollow cylindrical shape, a pyrolyzed-ash precipitator, which is connected to the pyrolysis reactor zone, and a condenser connected to the pyrolyzed-ash precipitator.