A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

A disposal system for the processing of solid waste devices to recycle materials located within the devices and recover, reuse and recycle such materials. Such system may include a primary chamber and secondary chamber, attached preferably by use of one or more exhaust ducts, and a secondary chamber exhaust duct. The solid waste devices may include any type of waste, such as electronics waste, medical device waste, and the like.

A flue gas combustion apparatus for processing uncombusted flue gas components utilizing a reactor body. The reactor body houses first and second spiral passageways for motivating flue gas and ambient air, respectively, in a counter-current pattern. Heated ambient air feeds the flue gas in the reactor.

A plurality of dry distillation furnaces (2a), (2b) are provided for a single combustion furnace (4). When wastes (A) in the dry distillation furnace (2a) are subjected to dry distillation to produce a combustible gas and introduce the combustible gas into the combustion furnace (4) to burn, control is carried out such that a temperature (Tc) in the combustion furnace (4) becomes a first temperature. When the temperature (Tc) in the combustion furnace (4) is the first temperature, the presence of the wastes (A) in the dry distillation furnace (2b) is detected, the wastes (A) in the dry distillation furnace (2b) are ignited to subject the wastes (A) to dry distillation thereby to produce a combustible gas, and the introduction of the combustible gas into the combustion furnace (4) is started.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

The present invention relates to a thermal treatment device comprising a primary chamber (204) for receiving waste material (230) to be combusted, the primary chamber having a hearth (207), a transport system (206) arranged for transportation of waste material across the hearth, a mixing chamber (220) in fluid communication with the primary chamber (204); a secondary chamber (208) in fluid communication with the mixing chamber (220), and material introducing means (229) for introducing waste material (230) into the primary chamber, wherein the material introducing means (229) comprises a valve (202) for controlling air flow there-through.

The present invention is intended to provide a hybrid combustion apparatus using the pyrolysis of water and combustion air, in which a combustion chamber is defined by a double wall and divided into a primary combustion chamber configured to combust waste and a secondary combustion chamber configured to combust exhaust gas, and the size (diameter) of a combustion unit through which waste is configured to be different from that of the combustion chamber in which a flame is located, so that combustion temperature is further increased by introducing air, so that heated due to proximity to a flame, as combustion air, combustible waste is combusted at an ultrahigh temperature by pyrolyzing water and combustion air by means of a high combustion temperature, and so that complete combustion is achieved by increasing the time for which a flame stays within the combustion chamber, thereby discharging clean exhaust gas.

To enable a carbonized material production kiln to be maintained in a simple manner when an exposed surface on a side wall of the kiln is cracked, to prevent the kiln from easily cracking by heat to thereby prolong the life of the kiln itself, and to increase heat retention efficiency to thereby increase carbonization efficiency even during periods of cold temperatures such as the winter season. The carbonized material production kiln is formed by stacking cubic concrete blocks each having no reinforcing iron so that recombination of up to six faces of each cubic concrete block becomes possible, wherein a heat storage/retention member such as stones is filled in an exhaust space formed between a kiln floor iron plate and a kiln bottom so as to store heat, thereby preventing a decrease in carbonization efficiency even at cold temperatures.

The present invention relates to a rotary kiln made of a metal alloy. The alloy is preferably chosen from the group of Alloy 321, Alloy 321H, Alloy 347, Alloy 347H, Alloy 348 and Alloy 348H. An object of the present invention is to provide a rotary kiln that can be operated under the reducing gas conditions to be experienced by the kiln in a pyrolysis process of scrap rubber. The present invention furthermore relates to the use of such a rotary kiln in a process for the pyrolysis of tyres.

The present invention relates to a fluid purification system. The fluid purification system comprises a regenerative thermal oxidation device (RTO device) with a first combustion chamber and at least one regenerator. The RTO device is configured to purify a first fluid flow by means of regenerative thermal oxidation. Furthermore, the fluid purification system comprises a second combustion chamber separate from the RTO device, which is configured to purify a second fluid flow different from the first fluid flow by means of thermal oxidation. The fluid purification system further comprises a heat transport device configured to transport process heat from the RTO device to the second combustion chamber to set a temperature in the second combustion chamber.