A pyrolysis waste-to-energy conversion system has a muffle furnace housing a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace. A rotating retort drum drive applies rotary drive to the inlet rotating retort drum sleeves and an in-feed auger is within a tube within the inlet sleeve. An out-feed auger is within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system. The inlet sleeve and said outlet sleeve are arranged to provide a gas seal to prevent air ingress or syngas egress to and from the rotating retort drum. A gas cleaning system has a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system.

A pyrolysis surface such as a rotating retort is provided by copper sheet supported by a nickel alloy framework. Pyrolysis is used to destroy calorific waste and/or to produce gas therefrom.

The present invention provides a method of generating combustible gas from organic feedstock, such as the organic components of municipal waste, and a reactor therefor. The feedstock is processed through a plurality of reaction zones within the reactor, wherein the environment of each of the zones facilitates physical or chemical reactions that work to transform the organic feedstock into one or more combustible gases that can be burned for energy production.

A pyrolyser may include a rotary kiln configured to pyrolyse feedstock material received therein. The pyrolyser may also include a heating vessel surrounding the rotary kiln and defining a heating chamber for hot gases. The pyrolyser may further include an agitator disposed within the heating chamber. The agitator may be configured to agitate the hot gases. The agitator may be rotatable with the rotary kiln.

A continuous-feed rotary reactor system, for pyrolysis and torrefaction, said reactor comprising: an auger-based hopper system, to resolve bridging of waste during feeding, said hopper system comprising an input hopper (H1, H2), being a two-step hopper (H1, H2), for receiving input feed; a first combinatorial airlock valve system (AV1, AV2) forming an airlock feeding system, to bridge transfer of feed, a reactor (R), containing a carbon removal mechanism (CRM) with a second combinatorial airlock valve system (AV3, AV4), said carbon removal mechanism comprising at least a carbon removal screw configured to receive said carbon char, to process said carbon char, and to output biochar, alternative charcoal, feedstock for bitumen modifier, said carbon removal mechanism (CRM) comprising an auger screw mechanism, and an airtight collection mechanism, which comprises the second combinatorial airlock valve system (AV3, AV4), to manipulate residence of time of said carbon char in said reactor.