A method for measuring and controlling flame quality in real-time, the method comprising the steps of: acquiring a plurality of flame images in a first field of view; acquiring a plurality of flame images in a second field of view; processing the acquired plurality of flame images of said first and second fields of view to determine an overall flame quality parameter; and comparing the overall flame quality parameter to a tolerance range. In other aspects, a system for measuring and controlling flame quality in real-time and a non-transitory computer readable medium (CRM) storing instructions configured to cause a computing system to measure and control flame quality in real-time are provided.

A water heater according to the present invention includes: a heating unit that includes a burner provided to cause a combustion reaction from air and fuel, and that is provided to generate heated water by using heat generated by the combustion reaction; and a humidifier unit that generates water steam by evaporating water using a combustion gas generated by the combustion reaction and discharged from the heating unit, and provides the water steam together with the air to the burner.

A compact thermal oxidizer is disclosed, comprising a combustion chamber and a series of ducts including a first duct, a second duct, a third duct, and a fourth duct. The combustion chamber is connected to the first duct, which in turn directs fluid flow into the second duct in an antiparallel direction to the combustion chamber. The second duct is linked to the third duct, which guides the fluid flow into the fourth duct, in aa direction antiparallel to the flow in the second duct and parallel to the flow in the combustion chamber. A refractory lining is disposed on the interior surfaces of the combustion chamber, first duct, and second duct.

A combustor having a main chamber and a trapped vortex cavity. The main chamber includes an outer liner and an inner liner. The trapped vortex cavity extends from at least one of the outer liner or the inner liner. A plurality of mixing assemblies operably injects a fuel-air mixture into the trapped vortex cavity to produce combustion gases. The trapped vortex cavity injects the combustion gases into the main chamber. A steam system is in fluid communication with the main chamber. The steam system operably injecting steam into the main chamber such that the steam flows downstream of the trapped vortex cavity.

A pure oxygen direct combustion system using a liquid metal according to the present invention comprises: a reactor for receiving a liquid metal; a heat exchanger, connected to the bottom of the reactor, for exchanging heat for the liquid metal; a circulation pump, connected to the heat exchanger, for circulating the incoming liquid metal; a nozzle, connected to the circulation pump and disposed on the reactor; a reduction unit, connected to the circulation pump, for performing a reduction for the oxidized liquid metal; and a separation unit, connected to the reactor and the reduction unit, wherein the particles of the liquid metal injected from the nozzle are subjected to sensible heat from the gas generated from the reactor, heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger and regenerated by the reduction unit, and then supplied back to the reactor.

A method of treating comminuted waste material, the method comprises: a) feeding comminuted waste material into a heating chamber (28); b) introducing steam into the heating chamber (28); c) contacting the steam and comminuted waste material; d) heating the steam and comminuted waste material to generate a combustible gas; and e) altering or controlling the ratio of steam to comminuted waste material such that the generated combustible gas comprises a target amount (e.g. value or percentage) of a component thereof.

The present invention relates to a method of combusting a fuel gas with a stoichiometric or near stoichiometric amount of molecular oxygen in the presence of a controlled amount of a diluent to enhance the extent of combustion reactions in high heat transfer environment. The energy released is utilized to heat a fluid by direct contact with the flame. The diluent can be different from the fluid to be heated with respect to composition, temperature or pressure. The diluent can be same as or derived from the fluid to be heated.

Disclosed is a water heater including a case provided with an air supply hole and an air discharge hole, a burner provided in an interior of the case, and a humidified air supply part that provides humidified air to the burner together with a fuel. The humidified air supply part includes a first accommodation tank that accommodates water to generate vapor, and a humidified air supply tank that provides a space for supplying the vapor supplied from the first accommodation tank to air introduced into an interior of the case through the air supply hole.

The present invention presents a method of assessing the quality of the burning of the gases in the flare and adjusting the vapor flow rate in a continuous way and with flexibility to integrate with different instrumentation topologies of the flare control system. The state of the flare flame is identified from an image set of the flame, classifying it into one of four: flame with excess vapor, optimized flame, flame with soot or images with insufficient information to classify them as one of the previous states of the flare flame. In addition, it is further able to quantify the height of the flame. The invention comprises the following components: flare, camera, image stream manager, edge computer, data historian, alert manager, information visualization panels, distributed digital control system, DDCS, and cloud storage and computing.

The invention discloses partial conversion of a hydrocarbon fuel to CO and H.sub.2 within a heat exchanger reformer, prior to injection of the fuel into fuel reactor of a chemical looping combustion system, including reforming portion of the fuel used for the chemical looping combustion system in the heat exchange reformer through reaction with steam and/or other suitable gas, or reforming portion of the fuel used for the chemical looping combustion system in the heat exchange reformer through reaction with recycled flue gas. The invention further discloses the use of recycled flue gas, without the use of a heat exchange reformer prior to injection of the fuel into the fuel reactor of a chemical looping combustion system.