An appliance includes a first gas-burning heating element, a first gas path extending from an inlet to the first heating element, and a first solenoid valve positioned within the first gas path. The appliance further includes a second gas path extending from upstream of the first solenoid valve to the first heating element and supplying a base gas flow to the first heating element. A controller is electronically coupled with the first solenoid valve for controlling a supplemental flow of gas through the first gas path to the first heating element such that the supplemental gas flow combines with the base gas flow to achieve a total gas flow. The controller controls the supplemental flow to adjust the total gas flow by pulsing the first solenoid valve at a first rate corresponding to a desired rate of the total gas flow to the first heating element.

A thermostat for cooking appliances powered by gas includes a body defining an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit that receive a gas flow from a supply source and to supply it to a gas burner, and a chamber having a substantially cylindrical shape that is in fluid communication with the inlet conduit, and also with the outlet conduit either directly, through a main opening formed at one end thereof, or indirectly, through a secondary conduit formed in the body of the thermostat. The gas flows into the outlet conduit bypassing the main opening. A one-piece valve adjusting the gas flow rate is coaxially fitted in the chamber and guided by its peripheral walls. These features make the structural configuration of the thermostat body and its conduits is much more compact, functional and less expensive than in thermostats known in the art.

A combustion system includes a perforated flame holder, an oxidant source, and an adjustable fuel nozzle. The oxidant source outputs oxidant. The adjustable fuel nozzle outputs fuel onto the perforated flame holder. The perforated flame holder supports a combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant within the perforated flame holder. The position of the adjustable nozzle relative to the perforated flame holder can be adjusted to achieve selected characteristics of the combustion reaction within the perforated flame holder.

Methods, burner, apparatuses, and systems are provided for controlling a velocity of a jet of gas exiting a burner when the gas is heated or not and at a corresponding second higher temperature or lower first temperature. Through the use of a temperature-sensitive magnetic valve, the flow of a gas can be redirected to maintain velocity of the gas as delivered to a combustion chamber based on the temperature of the gas. The temperature-sensitive magnetic valve can redirect flow of the gas based on the magnetic state of a ferromagnetic material. The state of the temperature-sensitive magnetic valve changes based on the temperature of the gas to maintain the velocity of the gas delivered through an outlet of the burner to the combustion chamber. Thus, heated gases and standard temperature gases can be delivered at approximately equal velocities thus maintaining flame size and shape.

Methods, burner, apparatuses, and systems are provided for controlling a velocity of a jet of gas exiting a burner when the gas is heated or not and at a corresponding second higher temperature or lower first temperature. Through the use of a temperature-sensitive magnetic valve, the flow of a gas can be redirected to maintain velocity of the gas as delivered to a combustion chamber based on the temperature of the gas. The temperature-sensitive magnetic valve can redirect flow of the gas based on the magnetic state of a ferromagnetic material. The state of the temperature-sensitive magnetic valve changes based on the temperature of the gas to maintain the velocity of the gas delivered through an outlet of the burner to the combustion chamber. Thus, heated gases and standard temperature gases can be delivered at approximately equal velocities thus maintaining flame size and shape.

A high temperature carbon monoxide sensor for in-situ combustion monitoring is provided having a yttrium-stabilized zirconia interface based emf-measuring electrochemical sensor and a nickel oxide (NiO) first sensing electrode for targeting carbon monoxide gas at a temperature range from between about 1000 degrees Centigrade to about 1200 degrees Centigrade. A method of measuring carbon monoxide using this sensor is provided.

A flame sensing system, a flame sensing unit, and a method for sensing a flame are described. The flame sensing system includes a flame sense probe and a power regulating device. The power regulating device is configured to generate a regulated voltage from an input voltage received from a power source and to output the regulated voltage to the flame sense probe such that a flame current along a flame can be measured. The flame sensing system also includes a flame current detector to measure the flame current and generate an output voltage corresponding to the flame current, and a first level detector to generate a flame strength output signal based on the output voltage, where the flame strength output signal is indicative of a strength of a flame.