Burner (10), in particular for a vehicle heater (12), having an orifice plate (14) separating an inner combustion region (16) from an outer region (18), wherein a photosensitive sensor (20) is arranged in the outer region (18), wherein at least two separate air inlet openings (22, 24, 26, 28) are being provided in the orifice plate (14), wherein one of the at least two air inlet openings (22, 24, 26, 28) is additionally formed as a light opening (28) which also allows light to pass from the inner combustion region (16) to the photosensitive sensor (20) that is arranged in the outer region (18), wherein the at least two air inlet openings (22, 24, 26, 28) are being shaped such that the same combustion air quantities flow into the internal combustion region (16) per unit time, respectively, and wherein the orifice plate (14) is transparent and/or the light opening (28) has a shape different from the air inlet openings (22, 24, 26) that are not formed as light opening such that an illumination area defined by the light opening (28) is larger than a reference illumination area defined by one of the at least two air inlet openings (22, 24, 26) that are not formed as light opening (28).

Burner (10), in particular for a vehicle heater (12), having an orifice plate (14) separating an inner combustion region (16) from an outer region (18), wherein a photosensitive sensor (20) is arranged in the outer region (18), wherein at least two separate air inlet openings (22, 24, 26, 28) are being provided in the orifice plate (14), wherein one of the at least two air inlet openings (22, 24, 26, 28) is additionally formed as a light opening (28) which also allows light to pass from the inner combustion region (16) to the photosensitive sensor (20) that is arranged in the outer region (18), wherein the at least two air inlet openings (22, 24, 26, 28) are being shaped such that the same combustion air quantities flow into the internal combustion region (16) per unit time, respectively, and wherein the orifice plate (14) is transparent and/or the light opening (28) has a shape different from the air inlet openings (22, 24, 26) that are not formed as light opening such that an illumination area defined by the light opening (28) is larger than a reference illumination area defined by one of the at least two air inlet openings (22, 24, 26) that are not formed as light opening (28).

The present disclosure provides a burner management system (BMS) for an industrial gas appliance and method for controlling a warm-up operation of the industrial gas appliance. The BMS and control method only requires a subset of the burners to be provided with flame detectors. In accordance with one aspect, the method involves lighting a supervised burner by providing a fuel gas flow thereto; continuously detecting a flame at the supervised burner indicating that the supervised burner is lit; incrementally lighting non-supervised burners by providing the fuel gas flow thereto when a non-supervised burner status indicates a safe lighting condition, the non-supervised burner status being determined by: measuring a total fuel gas flowing to the plurality of burners; and determining the number of the non-supervised burners with the fuel gas flowing thereto from the measurement of the total fuel gas and a supervised burner status.

A method and device for monitoring combustible matter in a hot gaseous stream and generating a control signal, a controlled jet of an oxidant is injected into the gaseous stream with a lance extending between a window of a monitoring device and the flow path of the gaseous stream, the lance defining a line of sight between the window and the gaseous stream in the flow path, the combustible matter burns with the oxidant in a flame in the gaseous stream in front of the lance, one or more properties of the flame which are correlated with the concentration of combustible matter in the gaseous stream are detected by the monitoring device through the line of sight and the window and the monitoring device processes the one or more detected flame properties and generates a control signal on the basis of the one or more detected flame properties.

A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) optical head includes a housing configured for attachment to a sight tube attached to a wall of a process chamber. The TDLAS optical head further includes optics within the housing for transmitting, receiving, or transmitting and receiving a laser beam within a process chamber through the sight tube. The TDLAS optical head further includes a photo sensor in the housing positioned to receive light emitted by combustion within the process chamber to which the housing is attached.

A current discharge probability of a flame sensor is calculated based on the number of drive pulses applied to the flame sensor and the number of discharges determined to have occurred in the flame sensor after receiving the drive pulses. Degradation indices (degradation progress and remaining lifetime) indicating the current degradation state of the flame sensor are calculated based on the calculated current discharge probability of the flame sensor.

A flame sensor apparatus includes a sensor assembly. The sensor assembly includes a photodiode for sensing characteristics of a flame. The photodiode outputs an electrical photocurrent. The sensor assembly includes an electrical assembly that is electrically remote from the sensor assembly. The sensor assembly includes an electric cable assembly extending from the sensor assembly to the electrical assembly. The electric cable assembly includes an electrical cable to electrically convey the photocurrent to the electrical assembly. At least the sensor assembly is configured and constructed to experience and continue to operate at a temperature at or greater than 200 C.

A method for operating a combustion chamber is provided. The method includes obtaining a carbon monoxide reading at an exit of the combustion chamber via a carbon monoxide sensor, and deriving an oxygen set point trim based at least in part on the carbon monoxide reading and a carbon monoxide set point via a controller. The method further includes determining a stability status of the combustion chamber via a combustion stability sensor, and adjusting an oxygen set point of the combustion chamber with the oxygen set point trim based at least in part on the stability status via the controller. The oxygen set point defines a desired oxygen level at the exit of the combustion chamber.

An amplifier assembly (100) includes an amplifier (102) having an input terminal, an output terminal and a feedback terminal; a first feedback path connecting the output terminal to the feedback terminal; a second feedback path connecting the output terminal to the feedback terminal; a switch (124) positioned in the second feedback path, the switch (124) opening or closing in response to a voltage at the output terminal relative to a breakpoint, when the switch (124) is open, the amplifier assembly (100) has a first gain and when the switch (124) is closed, the amplifier assembly (100) has a second gain; and a thermally variable element (152) connected to the switch (124), the thermally variable element (152) configured to generate a compensation voltage to maintain the breakpoint in response to varying temperature of the switch (152).

Industrial furnace (1) which can be used for example for treating semi-finished and siderurgical products, metal and inorganic materials, comprising a) a hot chamber (3) in which a combustion takes place and the hot gases generated by the combustion come in direct contact with the materials to be treated (p) in the furnace itself; B) a combustion stabilizing system in turn comprising b1) an injection system in turn comprising at least a mixer (11) arranged to mix a fuel and a diluent before injecting them into the hot chamber (3). The diluent has the effect of reducing the amount of nitrogen oxides in the combustion products. It considerably reduces the consumption of required diluent and the Nox emissions in the fumes.