A controller monitors oxygen levels in a bio-fuel fired device and automatically controls dampers, blowers and the like to reduce generation of smoke or other pollutants, thereby promoting proper operation of a catalytic converter.

A wood stove monitoring and control device can include a mounting flange mountable to a chimney exhaust pipe of a wood stove. The device can include a ring removably mountable on top of the mounting flange, where the flange is suitably positioned vertically along the exhaust pipe so that the ring is positioned at least partially above an end of the exhaust pipe. The device includes an optical beam source disposed on the ring, and which generates and outputs an optical beam. The device includes an optical sensor positioned on the ring opposite the optical beam source to detect the optical beam output by the optical beam source as the optical beam passes through smoke exhausted by the wood stove through the exhaust pipe. The device can include a temperature probe disposed on the ring to measure a temperature of heat exhausted by the wood stove through the exhaust pipe.

Conducted are coal-ash generating step for generating coal ash, sintered-ash generating step for heating the coal ash at temperatures within combustion temperature range of coal-fired boiler to generate sintered ash at each heating temperature, sticking-degree calculating step for rotatively separating each sintered ash by ratra tester to calculate sticking degree from weight ratio of each sintered ash after and before the rotary separation of the sintered ash, correlation determining step for burning each coal having corresponding sticking degree calculated to measure exhaust gas temperature and obtain correlation between sticking degrees and exhaust gas temperatures, exhaust-gas-temperature predicting step for predicting exhaust gas temperature from sticking degree of coal to be employed as fuel based on the correlation between the sticking degrees and the exhaust gas temperatures and adhesion predicting step for predicting ash adhesion in the coal-fired boiler based on the exhaust gas temperature predicted.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a vent monitoring system that includes a first sensor configured to provide feedback indicative of an amount of a substance accumulated in the vent, a second sensor configured to provide feedback indicative of a temperature in the vent, and a control system communicatively coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor, where the control system is configured to generate a notification when the feedback from the first sensor exceeds a first target level and when the feedback from the second sensor exceeds a second target level.

The continuous process of the present invention is intended to obtain dry biomass from two treatment steps by drying organic waste. The waste previously sieved and crushed waste are dumped into a first dryer, inside of which temperatures are between 280? C. and 300? C. at the inlet thereof and between 90? C. and 100? C. at the outlet, then passing to a conveyor belt where at room temperature a partial cool-down occurs and the waste is dumped into a second dryer inside of which the temperatures are between 180? C. and 200? C. at the inlet and between 75? C. and 85? C. at the exit, completing the process, during which the interior of the dryers is maintained in negative pressure through exhaust flow and the oxygen content is kept between 5 and 7%.

A wood stove monitoring and control device can include a mounting flange mountable to a chimney exhaust pipe of a wood stove. The device can include a ring removably mountable on top of the mounting flange, where the flange is suitably positioned vertically along the exhaust pipe so that the ring is positioned at least partially above an end of the exhaust pipe. The device includes an optical beam source disposed on the ring, and which generates and outputs an optical beam. The device includes an optical sensor positioned on the ring opposite the optical beam source to detect the optical beam output by the optical beam source as the optical beam passes through smoke exhausted by the wood stove through the exhaust pipe. The device can include a temperature probe disposed on the ring to measure a temperature of heat exhausted by the wood stove through the exhaust pipe.

Techniques for controlling a solid fuel combustion appliance, e.g., a wood burning stove, are disclosed. A control system measures an exhaust gas temperature of airflow through an outlet of the solid fuel combustion appliance. The control system determines a derivative of the exhaust gas temperature with respect to time. The derivative of the exhaust gas temperature with respect to time is compared to a predetermined threshold. The control system modulates the inlet damper in response to determining that the derivative of the exhaust gas temperature with respect to time reaches the predetermined threshold.

Techniques for controlling a solid fuel combustion appliance, e.g., a wood burning stove, are disclosed. A control system measures an exhaust gas temperature of airflow through an outlet of the solid fuel combustion appliance. The control system determines a derivative of the exhaust gas temperature with respect to time. The derivative of the exhaust gas temperature with respect to time is compared to a predetermined threshold. The control system modulates the inlet damper in response to determining that the derivative of the exhaust gas temperature with respect to time reaches the predetermined threshold.

A surface heater automatically adjusts the supply of fuel and/air to the burner in order to maintain a desired air/fuel ratio despite changes in ambient air temperature and/or pressure. The adjustment may be performed on a periodic or continuous basis and on either an open-loop basis or a closed-loop basis. The adjustment includes actuating one or more control devices that control the flow of air and/or fuel to the burner. If the adjustment is performed on a closed-loop basis, signals from a sensor can be used as feedback to control the flow of air and/or fuel into the burner to maintain a setpoint of a controlled parameter. The controlled parameter may include one or more of air mass flow rate, an intake O.sub.2 concentration, an exhaust O.sub.2 concentration, an exhaust gas composition, and an exhaust gas temperature.

A combustion method for controlling and monitoring exhaust gas emissions in boilers is provided. The combustion method comprises the following steps: providing a liquid fuel in a boiler, burning the liquid fuel under atmospheric pressure; measuring a first combustion temperature in the boiler, and monitoring an initial concentration of a first exhaust gas in the boiler; adding a combustion improver to the boiler in batches and monitoring an emission concentration of the first exhaust gas in the boiler, wherein the emission concentration is less than the initial concentration; and repeating the above steps, and monitoring the boiler until a second combustion gas is generated, stop adding the combustion improver, and measuring the temperature in the boiler as a second combustion temperature, and reducing the amount of the combustion improver to avoid the generation of the second exhaust gas.