An air preheater (APH) temperature control system, including at least a first APH or combustion/secondary air bypass duct in metered communication with a combustion air inlet duct and a secondary air duct, adapted in use to bleed a portion of the combustion air as secondary air bypass from the air inlet duct upstream of the APH 100 for reintroduction downstream into the secondary air duct, and a flow control device for metering or controlling volumetric flow of the secondary air bypass and tempering primary air flow in use operative to maintain the flue gas outlet temperature at or above a desired minimum predetermined temperature for the incident flue gas volumetric flow exiting the APH alone or in conjunction with other tempering means maintaining mills outlet temperature within a safety range of T10.sub.MIN to T10.sub.MAX.

A porous-medium premixing combustor is provided, which includes: an air-fuel gas mixer, a combustor body, a thermocouple, an ignition electrode, and a detecting electrode. The combustor body includes a casing connected to the air-fuel gas mixer; an outer and an inner burner-block, wherein the outer burner-block and the casing are connected, forming a square chamber, and the inner burner-block is provided inside the square chamber, with a via hole communicating with a pipe; and a mixed gas distributing plate, an ordered porous plate, a small-pore foamed ceramic plate, and a big-pore foamed-ceramic plate sequentially provided along an axis direction of the via hole of the inner burner-block. The thermocouple is provided at the casing and extends into the square chamber. The ignition electrode is provided close to an end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate. The detecting electrode is provided close to an exit end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate.

A heater device including at least one control and/or regulating unit, which is provided to set an air ratio of a combustion process to a setpoint air ratio. It is provided that the control and/or regulating unit is provided to ascertain a power correction factor in at least one operating state and take it into consideration in the setting of the air ratio.

A porous-medium premixing combustor is provided, which includes: an air-fuel gas mixer, a combustor body, a thermocouple, an ignition electrode, and a detecting electrode. The combustor body includes a casing connected to the air-fuel gas mixer; an outer and an inner burner-block, wherein the outer burner-block and the casing are connected, forming a square chamber, and the inner burner-block is provided inside the square chamber, with a via hole communicating with a pipe; and a mixed gas distributing plate, an ordered porous plate, a small-pore foamed ceramic plate, and a big-pore foamed-ceramic plate sequentially provided along an axis direction of the via hole of the inner burner-block. The thermocouple is provided at the casing and extends into the square chamber. The ignition electrode is provided close to an end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate. The detecting electrode is provided close to an exit end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate.

A method of determining at least one fuel characteristic of a fuel provided to a gas turbine engine of an aircraft includes making an operational change, the operational change being effected by a controllable component of a propulsion system of which the gas turbine engine forms a part, and being arranged to affect operation of the gas turbine engine, sensing a response to the operational change; and determining the at least one fuel characteristic based on the response to the operational change.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a combustion device capable of informing an amount of used gas, in which an air of gas temperature is reflected, to a user and a method of measuring the amount of used gas. To this end, the combustion device includes: a burner configured to burn gas; a blower configured to supply air for combustion to the burner;

gas valves configured to supply gas for combustion to the burner; a gas temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of gas supplied to the burner or the blower; and a control unit configured to control the number of revolutions of the blower, calculate a first amount of used gas for a present operating heat quantity burned according to a signal input by a user, and compensate the calculated first amount of used gas with a measured gas temperature measured by the gas temperature sensor to calculate a second amount of used gas.

Example embodiments relate to a method of starting a burner device. The temperature of the combustion air is measured, and a temperature-dependent set value of the heating energy of a glow element is specified. Example embodiments also relate to a heating device having a burner device.

A heater device including at least one control and/or regulating unit, which is provided to set an air ratio of a combustion process to a setpoint air ratio. It is provided that the control and/or regulating unit is provided to ascertain a power correction factor in at least one operating state and take it into consideration in the setting of the air ratio.

A fuel control device includes a combustion temperature estimation value calculation unit that calculates a temperature estimation value when a mixture of fuel and inflow air is burned using an atmospheric condition, an opening degree command value of a valve that controls the amount of air that is mixed with the fuel and burned, and an output prediction value calculated on the basis of a fuel control signal command value used for calculation of a total fuel flow rate flowing through a plurality of fuel supply systems, a fuel distribution command value calculation unit that calculates a fuel distribution command value indicating a distribution of fuel output from the fuel supply systems based on the temperature estimation value, and outputs the fuel distribution command value, and a valve opening degree calculation unit that calculates each valve opening degree of a fuel flow rate control valve of the fuel supply systems.

A system for eliminating start-up flaring in a gas plant utilizing flare stack diversion logic comprises a natural gas source; a start-up train flow-path; a running train flow-path; a bypass flow-path; and a flare stack diversion controller, wherein the flare stack diversion controller is programmed to execute flare stack diversion logic comprising: detecting one or more natural gas feed parameters during start-up, receiving the one or more natural gas feed parameters, determining whether the one or more natural gas feed parameters fall outside pre-defined bounds, generating an alert or message to close the block valve, determining whether the block valve has been opened, closing a start-up train flow valve upon determining the block valve has been opened, and diverting all flow from the running train flow-path to the start-up train flow-path to eliminate start-up flaring of the natural gas feed.