Exemplary embodiments are provided of igniter failure detection assemblies for furnaces. In an exemplary embodiment, an igniter failure detection assembly includes a hot surface igniter, an igniter relay coupled to the hot surface igniter, a resistor coupled in parallel with the hot surface igniter and defining a node between the igniter relay, the resistor and hot surface igniter, and a controller configured to detect a voltage at the node and determine whether a fault condition of the hot surface igniter exists based on the detected voltage at the node. A detected node voltage corresponding to a normal operation resistance value of the hot surface igniter is indicative of a normal operating hot surface igniter, and a detected node voltage corresponding to a resistance value of the resistor is indicative of a fault condition of the hot surface igniter. Example methods of detecting an igniter fault condition are also disclosed.

Exemplary embodiments are provided of igniter failure detection assemblies for furnaces. In an exemplary embodiment, an igniter failure detection assembly includes a hot surface igniter, an igniter relay coupled to the hot surface igniter, a resistor coupled in parallel with the hot surface igniter and defining a node between the igniter relay, the resistor and hot surface igniter, and a controller configured to detect a voltage at the node and determine whether a fault condition of the hot surface igniter exists based on the detected voltage at the node. A detected node voltage corresponding to a normal operation resistance value of the hot surface igniter is indicative of a normal operating hot surface igniter, and a detected node voltage corresponding to a resistance value of the resistor is indicative of a fault condition of the hot surface igniter. Example methods of detecting an igniter fault condition are also disclosed.

Techniques for monitoring health of an igniter (202) in a gas turbine engine (201) include a sensor (270) mounted to detect signals in a combustor (260) and a processor (180) in electrical communication with the sensor. The processor is configured to receive (601) from the sensor first data that indicates signal changes in each of a plurality of time bins during operation of the igniter in the combustor. Information characteristics of the first data are determined (603). A value is determined (615) of a similarity measure that indicates similarity of the information characteristics to target information characteristics. Based on the value of the similarity measure, a condition of the igniter is determined (633) and a device is operated (635) based on the conditions, for example the condition is presented on a display (714).

Techniques for monitoring health of an igniter (202) in a gas turbine engine (201) include a sensor (270) mounted to detect signals in a combustor (260) and a processor (180) in electrical communication with the sensor. The processor is configured to receive (601) from the sensor first data that indicates signal changes in each of a plurality of time bins during operation of the igniter in the combustor. Information characteristics of the first data are determined (603). A value is determined (615) of a similarity measure that indicates similarity of the information characteristics to target information characteristics. Based on the value of the similarity measure, a condition of the igniter is determined (633) and a device is operated (635) based on the conditions, for example the condition is presented on a display (714).

A Smart Candle Platform may be configured to produce candle light using a natural wax candle as its fuel source or any other fuel source capable of producing light, including liquid fuels if so configured. The outer shell, inner cover, top cover and base provides a beautiful exterior shell which does not melt but emulates the look of a traditional pillar candle. The outer shell may be changeable/replaceable allowing for style and or seasonal changes. A Smart Candle Platform having multiple interactive systems and sensors for production of natural light via a safe, controllable device which may communicate with other similar configured devices or smart devices having application software embedded therein i.e. a smart phone having an app. is disclosed. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for auto-extinguishment. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for the addition of smells or scents.

A Smart Candle Platform may be configured to produce candle light using a natural wax candle as its fuel source or any other fuel source capable of producing light, including liquid fuels if so configured. The outer shell, inner cover, top cover and base provides a beautiful exterior shell which does not melt but emulates the look of a traditional pillar candle. The outer shell may be changeable/replaceable allowing for style and or seasonal changes. A Smart Candle Platform having multiple interactive systems and sensors for production of natural light via a safe, controllable device which may communicate with other similar configured devices or smart devices having application software embedded therein i.e. a smart phone having an app. is disclosed. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for auto-extinguishment. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for the addition of smells or scents.

A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes forming field generating electrodes on at least one of a lower display substrate and an upper display substrate, forming alignment layers on the lower display substrate and the upper display substrate, forming a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules between the lower display substrate and the upper display substrate, electric-field exposing the liquid crystal layer to pretilt the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer, and measuring pretilt angles of the liquid crystal molecules after the electric-field exposing.

A Smart Candle Platform may be configured to produce candle light using a natural wax candle as its fuel source or any other fuel source capable of producing light, including liquid fuels if so configured. The outer shell, inner cover, top cover and base provides a beautiful exterior shell which does not melt but emulates the look of a traditional pillar candle. The outer shell may be changeable/replaceable allowing for style and or seasonal changes. A Smart Candle Platform having multiple interactive systems and sensors for production of natural light via a safe, controllable device which may communicate with other similar configured devices or smart devices having application software embedded therein i.e. a smart phone having an app. is disclosed. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for auto-extinguishment. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for the addition of smells or scents.

A Smart Candle Platform may be configured to produce candle light using a natural wax candle as its fuel source or any other fuel source capable of producing light, including liquid fuels if so configured. The outer shell, inner cover, top cover and base provides a beautiful exterior shell which does not melt but emulates the look of a traditional pillar candle. The outer shell may be changeable/replaceable allowing for style and or seasonal changes. A Smart Candle Platform having multiple interactive systems and sensors for production of natural light via a safe, controllable device which may communicate with other similar configured devices or smart devices having application software embedded therein i.e. a smart phone having an app. is disclosed. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for auto-extinguishment. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for the addition of smells or scents.

A Smart Candle Platform may be configured to produce candle light using a natural wax candle as its fuel source or any other fuel source capable of producing light, including liquid fuels if so configured. The outer shell, inner cover, top cover and base provides a beautiful exterior shell which does not melt but emulates the look of a traditional pillar candle. The outer shell may be changeable/replaceable allowing for style and or seasonal changes. A Smart Candle Platform having multiple interactive systems and sensors for production of natural light via a safe, controllable device which may communicate with other similar configured devices or smart devices having application software embedded therein i.e. a smart phone having an app. is disclosed. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for auto-extinguishment. The Smart Candle Platform may be configured to allow for the addition of smells or scents.