In a first aspect, a system for heating, cooling, or both heating and cooling a room is disclosed. The system includes a panel with a first, second, and third wall. The second wall is disposed between the first and third walls and separated by a plurality of partitions. The partitions create a first and second row of elongated channels. Each channel in the first row is bounded on two sides by two partitions and on two other sides by the first and second walls. Each channel in the second row is bounded on two sides by two partitions and on two other sides by the second and third walls. The first row of channels is a fluid layer configured to allow heated or cooled fluid to pass through. The fluid layer is in thermal communication with the room. The second row of channels is an insulating vacuum layer, with a reduced pressure that is at least 20% less than atmospheric pressure.

A flooring underlayment includes a base membrane and a cover membrane. The base membrane is configured to be installed between a subfloor and floor tiles to allow movement of the floor tiles relative to the subfloor. The cover membrane is configured to be coupled to the base membrane to form a flat surface for supporting the floor tiles. The cover membrane is configured to be coupled to the base membrane using at least one of a snug fit and a snap fit.

Disclosed are methods and functional elements for enhanced thermal management of predominantly enclosed spaces. In particular, the invention enables the construction of buildings with reduced power requirements for heating and/or air-conditioning systems since under certain conditions less energy for heating or cooling is required to maintain, within certain boundaries, desirable temperatures inside such buildings, habitats, or other enclosed spaces.

In some instances the invention is in part based on dynamically changing functional elements with variable properties, or effective properties, in terms of their electromagnetic radiative behavior and/or their thermal energy storage properties, or the spatial distribution of the stored thermal energy, which permits the application of methods and algorithms to control the overall thermal behavior of the entire structure in such a way that desired levels of inside temperature can be reached with reduced consumption of external energy (typically electricity, gas, oil, or coal).

In some instances no conventional heating of cooling is required at all, whereas in other instances the expenditure of external energy for conventional heating or cooling is reduced. In some instances the invention enables the reduction of the time to reach desired temperatures inside such buildings, habitats, or other predominantly enclosed spaces.

Disclosed are methods and functional elements for enhanced thermal management of predominantly enclosed spaces. In particular, the invention enables the construction of buildings with reduced power requirements for heating and/or air-conditioning systems since under certain conditions less energy for heating or cooling is required to maintain, within certain boundaries, desirable temperatures inside such buildings, habitats, or other enclosed spaces.

In some instances the invention is in part based on dynamically changing functional elements with variable properties, or effective properties, in terms of their electromagnetic radiative behavior and/or their thermal energy storage properties, or the spatial distribution of the stored thermal energy, which permits the application of methods and algorithms to control the overall thermal behavior of the entire structure in such a way that desired levels of inside temperature can be reached with reduced consumption of external energy (typically electricity, gas, oil, or coal).

In some instances no conventional heating of cooling is required at all, whereas in other instances the expenditure of external energy for conventional heating or cooling is reduced. In some instances the invention enables the reduction of the time to reach desired temperatures inside such buildings, habitats, or other predominantly enclosed spaces.

A support structure for a heating or cooling system includes a plurality of projections designed to be capable of retaining one or more thermal elements positioned adjacent thereto. The projections are positioned so as to form a first set of substantially parallel undulating channels, each channel having one of the projections forming at least a part of the inner radius of each undulation, with each projection having a recess formed in a side wall thereof facing said channel. The undulations of the channel ensure that a thermal element positioned in the channel will make contact with the projections each time it has to bend around one, without requiring spacing of the projections to squeeze the thermal element. The thermal element can thus be held securely without any play (unwanted lateral movement) in a channel that is slightly wider than the thermal element. Recesses in the channels at the contact points also restrict movement in the vertical direction, thus preventing the thermal element from ‘popping out’ of the channel, while not requiring any restriction narrower than the thermal element.

A curtain wall includes one or more mullion profiles and one or more transom profiles and panels which are mounted in the mullion profiles and in the transom profiles by their edges. The one or more mullion profiles extend vertically and are provided with an undercut groove on two opposite sides which has an access opening. The grooves form a rebate in which the rim of a panel is mounted. The undercut groove has an elongate cross section which is provided, at the one or several of the transverse ends, with a rounded section and/or which is free from roundings with a radius of less than 2 millimeters at one or several of the transverse ends.

The present invention relates to a Korean underfloor heating block set, and more specifically, to a Korean underfloor heating block set which makes it possible to more easily and quickly construct a Korean underfloor heating system when constructing or repairing Korean underfloor heating system of a structure such as a building, an apartment, a general house, etc., as well as to create a more eco-friendly residential space while providing effects beneficial to a human body through loess, sericite, precious serpentine, and gelite. Through the present invention, provided is an effect that makes it possible to safely insert, without misalignment, an XL-pipe that is bent to be rounded at a corner or an edge, by forming a lower plate pipe (110) and an upper plate pipe (210) to include a U-shaped pipe portion, a curved branch type pipe portion, and a linear type pipe portion.

The invention is an apparatus for heating or cooling a room of a building. The apparatus includes a radiant panel supported on a wall, which radiates energy to or from a room. The radiant panel has a conduit for passage of a fluid. The invention also includes a heat exchange device which heats or cools the fluid, which is installed inside the wall between two studs. A first line and second line connect the inlet and outlet to the heat exchange device. A pump that pumps the fluid that is heated or cooled by the heat exchange, whereby the room is heated or cooled depending on whether the fluid is heated or cooled by the heat exchange device.

The invention is an apparatus for heating or cooling a room of a building. The apparatus includes a radiant panel supported on a wall, which radiates energy to or from a room. The radiant panel has a conduit for passage of a fluid. The invention also includes a heat exchange device which heats or cools the fluid, which is installed inside the wall between two studs. A first line and second line connect the inlet and outlet to the heat exchange device. A pump that pumps the fluid that is heated or cooled by the heat exchange, whereby the room is heated or cooled depending on whether the fluid is heated or cooled by the heat exchange device.

An underlayment system is provided that includes a plurality of bosses that emanate form a common base member. The bosses and bases preferably include an opening therethrough that will allow for subsequent layers of adhesive to interact and bond to each other. The bosses are also spaced in such a way to help secure a wire snugly therebetween.