A composite heating panel comprises a front panel having opposite front and rear surfaces; a heat dissipation panel in contact with the rear surface of the front panel; an insulated panel; and an elongate length of tubing for receiving a flow of fluid therethrough, the fluid being at above ambient temperature. The length of tubing is disposed between the insulated panel and the heat dissipation panel, and the length of tubing follows a tortuous flow path including at least one loop.

A composite heating panel comprises a front panel having opposite front and rear surfaces; a heat dissipation panel in contact with the rear surface of the front panel; an insulated panel; and an elongate length of tubing for receiving a flow of fluid therethrough, the fluid being at above ambient temperature. The length of tubing is disposed between the insulated panel and the heat dissipation panel, and the length of tubing follows a tortuous flow path including at least one loop.

There is provided an electric suspended radiant disk heater apparatus comprising: a central and vertical ceiling mount pole for hanging from a ceiling at an upper end thereof in use; a radiant heater disk element fastened at a lower end thereof, the radiant heater disk element being substantially co-axial with the ceiling mount pole, being substantially perpendicular to the ceiling mount pole and extending radially from the lower end of the pole; and an electric heater element thermally coupled to the radiant heater disk element to heat the radiant heater disk to radiate heat from a radiant heat emitting undersurface thereof.

An underlayment system is provided that includes a plurality of protrusions that extend from a common base member. The protrusions and base member can include an opening therethrough that allows for subsequent layers of material, such as adhesive, to interact and bond to each other. The protrusions are arranged in such a way to contain a wire, string, or heating element, within a receiving area. The arrangement of the protrusions allow for routing of the wire, string, or heating element in a variety of angles, bends, and other routing layouts.

A heater device has a heater body and a heater case. The heater body has a heat generating part generating heat and radiates the heat supplied from the heat generating part. The heater case is attached to an interior member provided in an interior and houses the heater body, such that an interior-side surface of the heater body is located on a back side of the interior member. The heater case is provided with a ventilation passage through which a space outside the heater case located on the back side of the interior member communicates with the interior-side surface of the heater body.

A heater device has a heater body and a heater case. The heater body has a heat generating part generating heat and radiates the heat supplied from the heat generating part. The heater case is attached to an interior member provided in an interior and houses the heater body, such that an interior-side surface of the heater body is located on a back side of the interior member. The heater case is provided with a ventilation passage through which a space outside the heater case located on the back side of the interior member communicates with the interior-side surface of the heater body.

A mixing device includes a first inlet (84) and a second inlet (86) inlet and an outlet (80). The first inlet (84) is connected to the outlet (80) via a first flow connection and the second inlet (86) is connected to the outlet (80) via a second flow connection. A circulation pump assembly (24; 46) includes an electric drive motor (30), a control device (34), for controlling the speed of the drive motor (30), and at least one impeller (68; 100) driven by the drive motor. The at least one impeller (68; 100) is positioned in the first flow connection. The flow connections are configured such that at least one hydraulic pressure generated by the impeller (68; 100) in the first flow connection acts as hydraulic resistance in the second flow connection.

A mixing device includes a first inlet (84) and a second inlet (86) inlet and an outlet (80). The first inlet (84) is connected to the outlet (80) via a first flow connection and the second inlet (86) is connected to the outlet (80) via a second flow connection. A circulation pump assembly (24; 46) includes an electric drive motor (30), a control device (34), for controlling the speed of the drive motor (30), and at least one impeller (68; 100) driven by the drive motor. The at least one impeller (68; 100) is positioned in the first flow connection. The flow connections are configured such that at least one hydraulic pressure generated by the impeller (68; 100) in the first flow connection acts as hydraulic resistance in the second flow connection.

A building system comprising of a plurality of panels wherein the building system is configured to be either superposed an existing structure or a ground surface. The plurality of panels of the building system are shaped so as to be mateable when place adjacent to each other. The panels include a bottom and walls that form an interior volume. The bottom and walls of the panels are manufactured from a thermally conductive material such as but not limited to metal. The interior volume of the panels are filled with a lightweight structural material such as but not limited to polyurethane foam or autoclaved concrete. A first temperature source is disposed within the panels and is configured to have a fluid pass therethrough. A second temperature source is present and is a heating element. The panels are operable to utilize either temperature sources.

A system for obtaining energy consumptions, savings and cost reduction in structures adapted for human habitation which includes the utilization of a plurality of mats including phase change material encapsulated within first and second layers of plastic material having heat transfer capability disposed within the plenum area above a ceiling of a room within a building with the amount of phase change material contained within each mat being between 0.5 lbs. and 0.67 lbs. per square foot.