A cooling system is designed to generally allow for one or more compressors to be bypassed when ambient temperatures are low. The system includes a bypass line and valve that opens when ambient temperatures are low and/or when the pressure of the refrigerant in the system is low. In this manner, the refrigerant can flow through the bypass line instead of through one or more compressors. These compressors may then be shut off. To supply any needed pressure to cycle the refrigerant, the system may include a pump that turns on when the bypass line is open. When ambient temperatures are extremely low, thermosiphon may be used to cycle the refrigerant.

A modular data center (MDC) includes a volumetric container comprising an enclosure having first and second exterior walls at a forward and an aft end, connected by lateral exterior walls. Information technology component(s) are positioned longitudinally within the container between a cold aisle and a hot aisle. An air handling system includes two or more air handling units (AHUs) each having a return air inlet and a supply air outlet. A supply air plenum directs cooling air flow from the supply air outlets to a supply air opening positioned adjacent to the cold aisle. Backflow prevention mechanisms are positioned respectively at each supply air outlet of the AHUs. Each backflow prevention mechanism is moveable into an open position to allow cooling air flow out of the supply air outlet of a corresponding AHU and a closed position in response to deactivation of an air mover of the corresponding AHU.

A method and a system to measure and control indoor environment using Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Strong Artificial Intelligence (SAI). The method includes the steps of measuring air quality of an indoor environment and/or outdoor environment using respective sensors and/or analyzers, followed by receiving, configuring and controlling the data, by the processor, to maintain the indoor air quality using healthy gas stored in the container(s) and using air conditioned unit to achieve the user desired indoor air quality parameters. Further, a system for measuring and controlling air quality in an indoor environment as desired by the user. The user can even customize the parameters to achieve desired air quality in the indoor environment.

A model sharing system includes: a plurality of control apparatuses that each control a corresponding one of apparatuses to be controlled; and a model management apparatus that stores a learned model correspondingly to an operating status of the apparatus to be controlled. The control apparatus-obtains, from the model management apparatus, a learned model corresponding to an operating status identical to or similar to the operating status of a corresponding one of the apparatuses to be controlled and then controls the corresponding apparatus using the obtained learned model. The operating status includes at least one of the following: type of the apparatus to be controlled; an environment where the apparatus to be controlled is installed; or setting content of the apparatus to be controlled.

A three-pipe multi-split hot water system, including: an outdoor unit, the outdoor unit including a compressor, an oil separator, a first switching apparatus, a second switching apparatus, a fin heat exchanger, a double-pipe heat exchanger, a compressor heat dissipation module, a plate heat exchanger, a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a third electronic expansion valve, and a gas-liquid separator; at least two indoor units, any one of the indoor units including an indoor unit heat exchanger, a fourth electronic expansion valve, and an indoor unit fan; and a hydraulic module, the hydraulic module including a refrigerant-water heat exchanger, a water pump, a water temperature detection sensor, a water flow switch, a solenoid valve, and a fifth electronic expansion valve, where the outdoor unit is connected to any one of the indoor units and to the hydraulic module by a gas pipe and a liquid pipe.

An authentication system acquires, as authentication information, information related to a device, information related to a user or information related to a user terminal, and information indicating that the user or the user terminal is in a vicinity of the device. The authentication system performs authentication of the acquired authentication information, and permits the user for whom or the user terminal for which the authentication is successful to manage the device.

A system includes an air conditioner in each zone of a painting process line supplying heated air according to temperature/humidity stabilization conditions for a painting process of each zone of a spray booth; a controller transmitting operation information related to the air conditioner including temperatures and humidities of outdoor air flowing into the air conditioner and indoor air inside each zone of the booth and operating the air conditioner when a control value is received; and a server learning operation information history of the air conditioner collected through the air conditioning controller to accumulate the learned data in a database and extracting the control value for each of controllers of the air conditioner according to an initial operation condition of the air conditioner from the learned data in the database to control each of the controllers of the air conditioner for a predetermined time period based on the extracted data.

The invention relates to method (600) for operating an HVAC system, the method comprising: obtaining (602) a plurality of directly measured parameters from one or more data sources; determining (604) one or more indirectly measured parameter based on one or more of the plurality of directly measured parameters; and monitoring (606) energy flow of the HVAC system, based on the plurality of directly measured parameters and the one or more indirectly measured parameters, wherein the energy flow corresponds to heat transfer between the heat transfer medium and the air. The invention further relates to a an apparatus for operating an HVAC system which comprises means of monitoring an energy flow, based on a plurality of directly measured parameters and one or more indirectly measured parameters.

The cooling systems and methods of the present disclosure involve modular fluid coolers and chillers configured for optimal power and water use based on environmental conditions and client requirements. The fluid coolers include wet media, a first fluid circuit for distributing fluid across wet media, an air to fluid heat exchanger, and an air to refrigerant heat exchanger. The chillers, which are fluidly coupled to the fluid coolers via pipe cages, include a second fluid circuit in fluid communication with the air to fluid heat exchanger and a refrigerant circuit in thermal communication with the second fluid circuit and in fluid communication with the air to refrigerant heat exchanger. Pipe cages are coupled together to allow for expansion of the cooling system when additional cooling capacity is needed. The fluid coolers and chillers are configured to selectively operate in wet or dry free cooling mode, partial free cooling mode, or mechanical cooling mode.

A ventilation and air-conditioning system includes: a heat-exchange ventilation apparatus discharging air in space to be ventilated drawn in from a first inlet to outdoors via a heat-exchange element, and blowing air in outdoors from a first outlet into the space to be ventilated via the heat-exchange element; and an air-conditioning apparatus including an indoor unit including a second inlet and a second outlet each installed in the space to be ventilated, and an outdoor unit installed outside the space to be ventilated, and drawing in air in the space to be ventilated from the second inlet and blowing the air from the second outlet into the space to be ventilated. The air-conditioning apparatus performs anti-freezing operation assist operation to blow air from the second outlet toward the first inlet, based on an anti-freezing operation assist request level indicating magnitude of risk of freezing occurring in the heat-exchange element.