The present disclosure discloses a method and apparatus for measuring carbon emission of a district heating system, an electronic device, and a medium. The method includes: obtaining a steady carbon emission amount of a current district heating system using a pre-trained steady carbon emission flow model; obtaining a dynamic carbon emission amount of the current district heating system using a pre-trained dynamic carbon emission flow model; and counting a carbon emission amount of the current district heating system based on the steady carbon emission amount and the dynamic carbon emission amount. Therefore, the present disclosure can effectively identify carbon emission details of each link of a source, a grid, and a load of the district heating system, clarify carbon emission responsibilities on both a source side and a load side, and realize accurate measurement of carbon emission of the district heating system, which has high application value.

The present disclosure discloses a method and apparatus for measuring carbon emission of a district heating system, an electronic device, and a medium. The method includes: obtaining a steady carbon emission amount of a current district heating system using a pre-trained steady carbon emission flow model; obtaining a dynamic carbon emission amount of the current district heating system using a pre-trained dynamic carbon emission flow model; and counting a carbon emission amount of the current district heating system based on the steady carbon emission amount and the dynamic carbon emission amount. Therefore, the present disclosure can effectively identify carbon emission details of each link of a source, a grid, and a load of the district heating system, clarify carbon emission responsibilities on both a source side and a load side, and realize accurate measurement of carbon emission of the district heating system, which has high application value.

The disclosed technology includes an on-demand water heater which uses an electric heat source to heat the water. The on-demand water heater can have a low fluid capacity heating chamber which has an inlet and an outlet, an electric heat source for heating the water, and a controller to control the electric heat source and maintain the temperature of the water at a predetermined temperature setting. The on-demand water heater can be powered by a direct current power source. The on-demand water heater can also utilize a solar thermal system to provide additional heat to the water.

A computer-implemented method monitors and/or controls domestic hot water production and/or distribution. The method includes detecting at least two real temperatures of a fluid stored in a heat storage tank at two different positions along a height of the heat storage tank at least at points in time, and acquiring a temperature distribution pattern of heat stored in the heat storage tank and/or corresponding heat distribution pattern data by applying a temperature-distribution-pattern-algorithm to the detected real temperatures detected at the points in time. The fluid is sanitary hot water, and the heat storage tank is a pressurized tank. A computer may carry out the method. The computer may be part of a system. A computer program may include instructions to cause the controller of to execute the method. The computer program may be stored on a computer-readable medium.

A computer-implemented method monitors and/or controls domestic hot water production and/or distribution. The method includes detecting at least two real temperatures of a fluid stored in a heat storage tank at two different positions along a height of the heat storage tank at least at points in time, and acquiring a temperature distribution pattern of heat stored in the heat storage tank and/or corresponding heat distribution pattern data by applying a temperature-distribution-pattern-algorithm to the detected real temperatures detected at the points in time. The fluid is sanitary hot water, and the heat storage tank is a pressurized tank. A computer may carry out the method. The computer may be part of a system. A computer program may include instructions to cause the controller of to execute the method. The computer program may be stored on a computer-readable medium.

The present disclosure provides a water heater including a bypass conduit to allow flow of cold water from an inlet pipe to an outlet pipe, and an outlet temperature sensor coupled to the outlet pipe downstream of an outlet of the bypass conduit, to sense temperature of mixture of hot water and cold water in the outlet pipe. An electronic mixing valve is disposed along the inlet pipe to receive temperature data of water mixture from the outlet temperature sensor and compare temperature of the water mixture with a predefined temperature value. In response to determining that the water mixture is flowing through the outlet pipe, the electronic mixing valve regulates the flow of cold water through at least one of the bypass conduit and the inlet pipe until the temperature of the water mixture is within a predetermined range of the predefined temperature value.

A flow heater for vehicles is described. The flow heater has a housing, which has an inlet and an outlet. A flow channel for fluid to be heated is disposed in the housing and leads from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet. A heating plate forms a wall of a heated section of the flow channel and carries an electric heating resistor. A calorimetric flow sensor is provided for measuring a fluid flow in the flow channel.

A flow heater for vehicles is described. The flow heater has a housing, which has an inlet and an outlet. A flow channel for fluid to be heated is disposed in the housing and leads from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet. A heating plate forms a wall of a heated section of the flow channel and carries an electric heating resistor. A calorimetric flow sensor is provided for measuring a fluid flow in the flow channel.

An indicator generating method for generating an indicator which is suitable for maintenance prediction of a water heating system is proposed. A power state indication device generates a high power consumption signal if a heating device of the water heating system is activated. The time duration of the activation is such an indicator, if no water flow is present. Furthermore, the time interval between subsequent activations is such an indicator. A predictive maintenance method processes these condition-based indicators and determines a remaining useful lifetime according to a predictive maintenance model. The predictive maintenance device outputs a maintenance signal indicating required maintenance, if the remaining useful lifetime drops below a predetermined threshold. The methods may be performed by water heating systems or beverage makers.

A modular manifold for a tankless water heater includes a first cavity member having a first opening, a second opening, and a base wall; a second cavity member coupled to the first cavity member, the second cavity member having a first opening, a second opening, and a base wall; a first cover plate coupled to either the first cavity member or the second cavity member; and a second cover plate coupled to either the first cavity member or the second cavity member, wherein two openings in the first and second openings are covered by the first and second cover plates, respectively, and wherein the base walls of the first and second cavity members, the first and second cover plates, and the two openings in the first and second openings not covered by the first and second cover plates define a fluid flow path in the modular manifold.