A ground circuit in a low-energy system includes a connection pipeline (3), collection pipe system (2) and a return pipeline(4) for circulating a transfer fluid. The ground circuit is utilized for transferring thermal energy recovered from its surroundings, for instance, to a heat pump (5). The ground circuit collection pipe system (2) consists of a hollow profile (6) arranged to be a coil, whereby the hollow profile is connected at its first end to a connection pipeline (3) for conveying the transfer fluid along the hollow profile from the first coil end to the second, and at the second end of the coil, the second end of the hollow profile is connected to the return pipeline (4) for conveying the transfer fluid from the hollow profile towards the place where it is used. At the opposite ends of the hollow profile, means for controlling the fluid flow are arranged.

A ground circuit in a low-energy system includes a connection pipeline (3), collection pipe system (2) and a return pipeline(4) for circulating a transfer fluid. The ground circuit is utilized for transferring thermal energy recovered from its surroundings, for instance, to a heat pump (5). The ground circuit collection pipe system (2) consists of a hollow profile (6) arranged to be a coil, whereby the hollow profile is connected at its first end to a connection pipeline (3) for conveying the transfer fluid along the hollow profile from the first coil end to the second, and at the second end of the coil, the second end of the hollow profile is connected to the return pipeline (4) for conveying the transfer fluid from the hollow profile towards the place where it is used. At the opposite ends of the hollow profile, means for controlling the fluid flow are arranged.

A geothermal system having a heat pump with a heat exchange, first and second conduits connected to and in fluid communication with the heat pump, a compressor connected to and in fluid communication with the first and second conduit, a plurality of valves on the first and second conduit that are connected to and in fluid communication with other valves wherein one valve is a thermo expansion valve, and a sensor on the first conduit and electrically connected to the thermo expansion valve.

A geothermal system having a heat pump with a heat exchange, first and second conduits connected to and in fluid communication with the heat pump, a compressor connected to and in fluid communication with the first and second conduit, a plurality of valves on the first and second conduit that are connected to and in fluid communication with other valves wherein one valve is a thermo expansion valve, and a sensor on the first conduit and electrically connected to the thermo expansion valve.

A method and apparatus for recycling unused or suspended wells and areas with predetermined suitability for well installation. In one embodiment, existing unused well sites are repurposed for contact in or adjacent a geothermal zone. Drilling extends horizontally in direct contact with the geothermal zone for heat transfer and subsequently terminates at a newly drilled well. The heated working liquid within the sealed annulus is cooled within a sealed top loop at or below the surface and recirculated for further heat transfer. The closed loop is continuous above and below the geothermal formation and can cluster several such arrangements and also consolidate clusters in a drilling field of unused wells. The loop may be incorporated in areas with predetermined suitability (greenfield) for well installation.

A method and apparatus for recycling unused or suspended wells and areas with predetermined suitability for well installation. In one embodiment, existing unused well sites are repurposed for contact in or adjacent a geothermal zone. Drilling extends horizontally in direct contact with the geothermal zone for heat transfer and subsequently terminates at a newly drilled well. The heated working liquid within the sealed annulus is cooled within a sealed top loop at or below the surface and recirculated for further heat transfer. The closed loop is continuous above and below the geothermal formation and can cluster several such arrangements and also consolidate clusters in a drilling field of unused wells. The loop may be incorporated in areas with predetermined suitability (greenfield) for well installation.

Thermal energy is extracted from geological formations using a heat harvester. In some embodiments, the heat harvester is a once-through, closed loop, underground heat harvester created by directionally drilling through hot rock. The extracted thermal energy can be converted or transformed to other forms of energy.

A geothermally powered red mud processing system includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. Geothermal energy from the geothermal system is used at least in part to extract materials, such as iron, titanium, scandium, and others, from red mud that is the byproduct of an aluminum production process. The aluminum production process may also be powered by geothermal energy from the geothermal system.

A geothermally powered red mud processing system includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. Geothermal energy from the geothermal system is used at least in part to extract materials, such as iron, titanium, scandium, and others, from red mud that is the byproduct of an aluminum production process. The aluminum production process may also be powered by geothermal energy from the geothermal system.

Wellbore synthesis techniques are disclosed suitable for use in geothermal applications. Embodiments are provided where open hole drilled wellbores are sealed while drilling to form an impervious layer at the wellbore/formation interface. The techniques may be chemical, thermal, mechanical, biological and are fully intended to irreversibly damage the formation in terms of the permeability thereof. With the permeability negated, the wellbore may be used to create a closed loop surface to surface geothermal well operable in the absence of well casing for maximizing thermal transfer to a circulating working fluid. Formulations for the working and drilling fluids are disclosed.