In some embodiments, an air-cooled ammonia refrigeration system comprises: an air-cooled condenser comprising a heat exchanger and at least one axial fan; an evaporator coupled to the air-cooled condenser; a subcooler positioned between the air-cooled condenser and the evaporator; a compressor coupled to the evaporator; an oil cooler coupled to the compressor; a water system coupled to the air-cooled condenser, the water system comprising a water source, a water pump, and a plurality of spray nozzles positioned below the air-cooled condenser; and a control circuit coupled to the air-cooled condenser and the water system, the control circuit configured to pulse atomized water through the plurality of spray nozzles to a surface of the air-cooled condenser when a head pressure of the air-cooled condenser is higher than a predetermined value.

In some embodiments, an air-cooled ammonia refrigeration system comprises: an air-cooled condenser comprising a heat exchanger and at least one axial fan; an evaporator coupled to the air-cooled condenser; a subcooler positioned between the air-cooled condenser and the evaporator; a compressor coupled to the evaporator; an oil cooler coupled to the compressor; a water system coupled to the air-cooled condenser, the water system comprising a water source, a water pump, and a plurality of spray nozzles positioned below the air-cooled condenser; and a control circuit coupled to the air-cooled condenser and the water system, the control circuit configured to pulse atomized water through the plurality of spray nozzles to a surface of the air-cooled condenser when a head pressure of the air-cooled condenser is higher than a predetermined value.

An absorption heat pump having a generator, a heat source to heat the generator to drive coolant vapor out of solution, a condenser for cooling the coolant vapor and an expansion valve that expand the coolant fluid as well as an evaporator for at least partial evaporation of the expanded coolant fluid against a medium which is connected to at least one absorber which absorbs the expanded coolant fluid. A hot gas line which branches off from a line for coolant vapor upstream of the condenser and is fluid-connected to the evaporator such that it bypasses the condenser and the expansion valve, a defrosting valve being provided in the hot gas line, by means of which the flow of coolant vapor through the hot gas line can be controlled. The absorption heat pump is operated in a cyclic circulation process.

An absorption heat pump having a generator, a heat source to heat the generator to drive coolant vapor out of solution, a condenser for cooling the coolant vapor and an expansion valve that expand the coolant fluid as well as an evaporator for at least partial evaporation of the expanded coolant fluid against a medium which is connected to at least one absorber which absorbs the expanded coolant fluid. A hot gas line which branches off from a line for coolant vapor upstream of the condenser and is fluid-connected to the evaporator such that it bypasses the condenser and the expansion valve, a defrosting valve being provided in the hot gas line, by means of which the flow of coolant vapor through the hot gas line can be controlled. The absorption heat pump is operated in a cyclic circulation process.

Disclosed are systems and methods of intelligently cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling, and an auxiliary cooling system that controls the temperature of the thermal load and surrounding environment between burst mode cooling cycles.

Disclosed are systems and methods of intelligently cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling, and an auxiliary cooling system that controls the temperature of the thermal load and surrounding environment between burst mode cooling cycles.

Disclosed are systems and methods of intelligently cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling, and an auxiliary cooling system that controls the temperature of the thermal load and surrounding environment between burst mode cooling cycles. The system may be used to provide pulses of cooling to directed energy systems, such as lasers and other systems that generate bursts of heat in operation.

Disclosed are systems and methods of intelligently cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling, and an auxiliary cooling system that controls the temperature of the thermal load and surrounding environment between burst mode cooling cycles. The system may be used to provide pulses of cooling to directed energy systems, such as lasers and other systems that generate bursts of heat in operation.

An electrochemical climate control system circulates a working fluid comprising ammonia (NH.sub.3) and hydrogen (H.sub.2). An evaporator volatilizes liquid ammonia for a refrigeration effect. An electrochemical device can increase a total pressure of the working fluid and/or a first partial pressure of ammonia and decrease a second partial pressure of hydrogen when an f is applied. A condenser cools the working fluid/transforms ammonia to a liquid. A separator separates liquid ammonia from gas phase hydrogen. A heat exchanger may be provided downstream of the evaporator. The system may include an ejector combining vapor phase ammonia and gas phase hydrogen in a pressurized stream. A second electrochemical device is optionally included that decreases a pressure of gas phase hydrogen exiting the separator and which generates electrical potential that is transferred to the first electrochemical device. Such high efficiency systems may be free of any mechanical pumps or moving parts.

An electrochemical climate control system circulates a working fluid comprising ammonia (NH.sub.3) and hydrogen (H.sub.2). An evaporator volatilizes liquid ammonia for a refrigeration effect. An electrochemical device can increase a total pressure of the working fluid and/or a first partial pressure of ammonia and decrease a second partial pressure of hydrogen when an f is applied. A condenser cools the working fluid/transforms ammonia to a liquid. A separator separates liquid ammonia from gas phase hydrogen. A heat exchanger may be provided downstream of the evaporator. The system may include an ejector combining vapor phase ammonia and gas phase hydrogen in a pressurized stream. A second electrochemical device is optionally included that decreases a pressure of gas phase hydrogen exiting the separator and which generates electrical potential that is transferred to the first electrochemical device. Such high efficiency systems may be free of any mechanical pumps or moving parts.