A refrigerator includes: a compressor; a condenser; a hot pipe; at least one capillary tube; at least one evaporator; a valve device including: an input port connected to the condenser; a first port connected to one end of the hot pipe; a second port connected to an other end; and at least one output port connected to the at least one capillary tube; and a controller configured to: control the valve device to operate in the first mode by connecting one of the first port and the second port to the input port and connecting an other one to the output port; control the valve device to operate in the second mode, by closing one of the first port and the second port and connecting an other one to the output port; and control the valve device to operate in the third mode, by closing all the first port and the second port.

A refrigerator includes: a compressor; a condenser; a hot pipe; at least one capillary tube; at least one evaporator; a valve device including: an input port connected to the condenser; a first port connected to one end of the hot pipe; a second port connected to an other end; and at least one output port connected to the at least one capillary tube; and a controller configured to: control the valve device to operate in the first mode by connecting one of the first port and the second port to the input port and connecting an other one to the output port; control the valve device to operate in the second mode, by closing one of the first port and the second port and connecting an other one to the output port; and control the valve device to operate in the third mode, by closing all the first port and the second port.

Provided is an automatic analyzer having a rapid start-up of a heat block while precisely controlling a temperature of a reaction solution. In the automatic analyzer equipped with a reaction-vessel-holding part, a heat block having a heat source to heat the reaction vessel, and a cooling system having a low temperature region and a high temperature region, an outer peripheral part of or below the reaction-vessel-holding part is defined as a heat transfer space, there are provided a heat transfer passage connecting the heat transfer space and the high temperature region, a heat medium circulating through the high temperature region, the heat transfer passage, and the heat transfer space, and a flow rate control means configured to control a flow rate of the heat medium in the heat transfer passage, and a temperature detection means is provided on a downstream side of the high temperature region.

A valve structure that may control the flow rate of a fluid with high precision when the fluid starts to be released is provided. In a valve structure 20 including a valve sheet 3 having two outlets 3a to release a fluid and a valve body 4 arranged to be rotational against the valve sheet 3 to regulate a degree of opening of the outlet 3a, the valve body 4 has a fluid control recess 4d formed in the circumferential direction whose area overlapping the outlet 3a is changed by rotation of the valve body 4, and the center O of the outlet 3a is forced to deviate from a rotation trajectory of a front end portion 4b of the fluid control recess 4d that starts to overlap the outlet 3a by the rotation of the valve body 4.

Standalone and self-contained cooling systems using compressed liquid and/or gas CO.sub.2 containers positioned in an insulated or non-insulated vessel and consisting of a specially designed unit where the containers are vertically positioned in an upright or upside-down position. The liquid and/or gas CO.sub.2 coolant is then released into capillary tube(s) embedded into a heat transfer plate or heat exchanger thus leveraging the CO.sub.2 coolant properties. The temperature is controlled by a metering CO.sub.2 releasing system encompassing an electronic control device which can be operated remotely and/or via a touch screen and which sends alerts when pre-defined thresholds are exceeded. The invention's metering CO.sub.2 releasing system may be triggered by an electronic or a thermostatic valve or may be triggered manually or by an electronic solenoid. The invention's cooling system also encompasses check valves, which avoid liquid and/or gas CO.sub.2 from escaping when removing or replacing CO.sub.2 containers individually.

A refrigerator includes a main body having a freezing chamber and a switchable chamber communicating with a refrigerating chamber through a duct, a compressor connected with a compressor suction path and a compressor discharging path, a condenser connected with the compressor discharging path and connected with a condenser discharging path, a switchable chamber evaporator, a freezing chamber evaporator connected with the switchable chamber evaporator through an evaporator connection path, a damper configured to control flow of cold air through the duct, a pair of switchable chamber capillary tubes connected with the switchable chamber evaporator, a bypass capillary tube connected with the evaporator connection path, a path switching device connected with the condenser discharging path, the pair of switchable chamber capillary tubes and the bypass capillary tube, and a controller for controlling the compressor, the damper and the path switching device.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a refrigerant pipe fitting, the fitting having a pipe shape with a hollow to connect a pipe, may include an out pipe opening which is opened at one end of the fitting and into which an out pipe is inserted; an inner pipe opening which is opened at the other end of the fitting and into which an inner pipe is inserted to be inserted into the out pipe inside the fitting; a pressing portion which is configured to form a part of an inner surface of the fitting and formed to have a narrower inner diameter as it extends toward the inner pipe opening to press and deform the out pipe to allow the out pipe to connect with the inner pipe in movement of the fitting; and a fastening portion which is formed on the inner surface of the fitting between the pressing portion and the out pipe opening to constrain an end of the out pipe to prevent the fitting from being separated.

A heat pump system and a control method thereof. The heat pump system includes: a major heat exchange loop (100), including at least one compressor (110), a flow-path switching valve (120), a condenser (130), a first throttling element (140), an economizer (150), and an evaporator (160) that are connected sequentially to form a loop; and an air supply branch (200), which is connected from a flow path between the first throttling element and the economizer to an air supply inlet of the compressor, the air supply branch being provided with a switch valve (231) for preventing a gas-phase refrigerant from flowing back; where a pressure balance branch (300) is further included, which is connected from the air supply branch at the upstream of the switch valve to a low-pressure gas-phase refrigerant side of the major heat exchange loop.

This cold generation device implements the Joule-Thomson expansion principle. It includes a heat exchanger having a fluid under high pressure and under low pressure circulating in counterflow therethrough. The heat exchanger is formed of the stack of pellets (5) made of a porous material, and particularly a sintered material, forming a cylindrical mandrel, having a capillary (10) wound at the periphery thereof and in contact therewith, the capillary having the high-pressure fluid circulating therethrough, the low-pressure fluid circulating in counterflow inside of the porous mandrel thus formed.

A thermodynamic system for cooling or heating at least a first container containing food products of the liquid or semi-liquid type, including a circuit employing a heat exchanger fluid, having at least: a compressor having at least one inlet for the heat exchanger fluid and one outlet for the heat exchanger fluid; a first heat exchanger connected to the outlet of the compressor; at least one first expansion element connected to an outlet of the first heat exchanger; a second heat exchanger which can be associated with the first container and which has an inlet connected to an outlet of the at least one first expansion element; a return duct having an inlet portion connected to an outlet of the second heat exchanger and an outlet portion connected to the inlet of the compressor.