A universal controller for integration of cryogenic equipment, requiring different control mechanisms, onto a single operating platform. The universal controller may include a power supply element that is configured to simultaneously drive a plurality of cryogenic devices that have different power supply requirements and a protocol translator element that is configured to enable communication between a plurality of cryogenic devices that use different, incompatible communication protocols, wherein the protocol translator element translates communications sent by a first type of cryogenic device from a first cryogenic device communication protocol into a second cryogenic device communication protocol and translates communications sent by a second type of cryogenic device from a second cryogenic device communication protocol into the first cryogenic device communication protocol, enabling the first type of cryogenic device and the second type of cryogenic device to communicate with each other.

The motor driving apparatus includes a switch that is a mechanical switch for changing coil connection states of a motor; an inverter that generates alternating voltage from direct voltage and outputs the alternating voltage to the motor; and a control device that controls the switch and the inverter. The control device causes the switch to change the coil connection states while the alternating voltage output from the inverter is zero.

Methods are directed towards dynamically determining refrigerant film thickness at the rolling-element bearing and for dynamically controlling refrigerant film thickness at the rolling-element bearing. Further, an oil free chiller system is configured for dynamically determining refrigerant film thickness at the rolling-element bearing of the oil free chiller system, wherein the oil free chiller system is also configured for dynamically controlling refrigerant film thickness at the rolling-element bearing of the oil free chiller system.

A DC power supply device includes: a rectifier circuit; a reactor connected at one end to one output terminal of the rectifier circuit; a charging unit including a first and second switching element connected in series between another end of the reactor and another output terminal of the rectifier circuit, the charging unit configured to charge a first and second capacitor connected in series between output terminals to which a load is connected; and a control unit that controls the charging unit. The control unit sets, based on the timing at which the zero-crossing occurs, a dead time in which both the and second switching element are off, and when states of the first and second switching element at a time of occurrence of the zero-crossing match a predetermined set of states, reverses the states of the first switching element and the second switching element.

A system and a method for controlling temperature inside electrical and electronics systems. The method includes sensing temperature of an inverter section by a temperature sensor, the inverter section including one or more electronic components. The method also includes determining, by a microcontroller, a temperature zone based on the sensed temperature and transmit a command to an inverter based on the temperature zone. The method further includes controlling speed of a compressor by an inverter based on the command.

A refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus that performs defrosting operation, the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus including: a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a first heat exchanger, an expansion device, a second heat exchanger, and a four-way valve are connected to each other by pipes to allow refrigerant to circulate through the refrigerant circuit; a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the compressor; and a heat generation control unit configured to increase a temperature of the compressor when the heat generation control unit detects a decrease in a value measured by the temperature sensor in defrosting operation performed on the first heat exchanger.

An aero vehicle with a dual mode propulsion system that can operate in a first mode below a ramjet speed and a second mode at a ramjet speed. The first mode is operated using a compressor driven by an electric motor supplied with electrical power from a power pack. When the vehicle has reached a speed where the ramjet engine can operate, the power pack is dropped from the vehicle to decrease the weight of the vehicle.

A chiller system may include a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant by rotation; a condenser configured to condense the refrigerant compressed by the compressor; an expander configured to expand the condensed refrigerant; an evaporator configured to evaporate the expanded refrigerant; a sensor unit including a plurality of temperature sensors, a speed sensor that senses a rotational speed of the compressor, and a current sensor that senses a current of the compressor; and a controller configured to determine whether to enter into a surge detection logic based on a volatility of data sensed by the sensor unit, and configured to perform surge detection.

Systems and methods for monitoring an HVAC&R system employ a monitoring agent that uses observations of evaporator and condenser intake temperatures, evaporator discharge temperature, and a compressor input power parameter to learn operating characteristics of the HVAC&R system in newly maintained condition. Thereafter, the agent continuously or regularly computes a relative coefficient of performance (COP) for the system under subsequent observed ambient conditions, and relates the present instantaneous efficiency of the HVAC&R system under the observed ambient conditions to the instantaneous efficiency when the system was in newly maintained condition. The relative COP can be used to detect system degradation and quantify the energy usage and cost attributable to the degradation. The agent can take appropriate actions to prevent/minimize damage based on the degree of degradation detected, including shutting off power to the HVAC&R system. The monitoring agent can also be extended to other types of systems besides HVAC&R system.

A heat pump device includes a compressor that compresses refrigerant, a motor that drives the compressor, an inverter that applies a desired voltage to the motor, and an inverter controlling unit that generates a pulse width modulation signal for driving the inverter, has, as operation modes, a heating operation mode performing heating operation of the compressor and a normal operation mode performing normal operation of the compressor to compress the refrigerant, and periodically changes carrier frequency, that is frequency of a carrier signal, in the heating operation mode.