The present disclosure provides a method for separating a feed stream in a distillation tower. The method includes operating a controlled freeze zone section in a distillation tower that separates a feed stream at a temperature and pressure at which the feed stream forms a solid in the controlled freeze zone section, wherein the feed stream includes a first contaminant; maintaining a melt tray assembly in the controlled freeze zone section; introducing the feed stream to the controlled freeze zone section; and accumulating a liquid in the melt tray assembly until the liquid is at a predetermined liquid level in the controlled freeze zone section, by: feeding a second contaminant to the controlled freeze zone section; and adding the second contaminant to the melt tray assembly, wherein the liquid comprises the second contaminant.

A method and system of controlling a temperature within a melt tray assembly of a distillation tower. The method may include determining a melt tray fluid composition of a melt tray fluid, determining a melt tray fluid temperature of the melt tray fluid, determining if the melt tray fluid temperature is within an expected melt tray fluid temperature range for the melt tray fluid composition, decreasing the melt tray fluid temperature if the melt tray fluid temperature is greater than an expected melt tray fluid temperature range upper limit, increasing the melt tray fluid temperature if the melt tray fluid temperature is less than an expected melt tray fluid temperature range lower limit, and maintaining the melt tray fluid temperature if the melt tray fluid temperature is within the expected melt tray fluid temperature range.

Example embodiments for a method for compressing gas into a liquified gas using a plurality of pairs of liquid gas displacers in parallel moving a working fluid between each pair of displacers to pressurize the gas, arranging sets of the parallel liquid gas displacers in a series to raise the pressure, directly cooling the gas at each displacer pair, and finally condensing the gas using a coolant, collecting the liquified gas, and pressurizing the liquified gas for use in a pipeline.

In a process for the separation of a gas rich in carbon dioxide and containing at least one component lighter than carbon dioxide, the feed gas rich in carbon dioxide is cooled in a first heat exchanger, partially condensed and separated to form a gaseous portion and a liquid, sending the liquid portion to the top of a distillation column, removing a liquid stream richer in carbon dioxide than the feed gas from the bottom of the distillation column, removing a gaseous stream less rich in carbon dioxide than the feed gas from the top of the distillation column and warming the gaseous stream in the first heat exchanger, sending the gaseous portion to a shell and tube heat exchanger having tubes in a bath of triple point carbon dioxide, in which it condenses at least partially to form a liquid fraction, sending the liquid fraction to the top of the distillation column, vaporizing a liquid stream from the bottom of the distillation column outside or within the distillation column to form a gas which is subsequently separated in the distillation column, expanding a liquid stream from the bottom of the distillation column, vaporizing at least part of the expanded liquid stream in the shell and tube heat exchanger to form a vapor and warming the vapor formed in the first heat exchanger.

This invention relates to a novel kit, transportable apparatus and method for generating in-situ CO2 snow block within the apparatus. An item such as a biological sample can be stored and transported within the same apparatus that is employed for creating the CO2 snow block. The apparatus is capable of preserving the sample during transport. The invention also includes a specially designed CO2 snow charger system including a charger and meshed conduit. The charger system is operated in accordance with the methods of the present invention to create the in-situ CO2 snow block within a container that can be also used for transport.

Systems and methods to separate carbon dioxide from flue gases and sequester carbon dioxide are described here. By using the properties of carbon dioxide and the temperature in a body of water (e.g., the ocean or freshwater body of water) or the temperatures of the ambient atmosphere, gaseous carbon dioxide can be converted to a liquid and separated from other gases. Pressure used to separate carbon dioxide from other gases may also be used to sequester liquid carbon dioxide. The liquid carbon dioxide is inert and can be discharged into the ocean without dissolving in seawater and acidifying the ocean. The liquid carbon dioxide may further be densified to be denser than seawater. The liquid carbon dioxide can then sink to the bottom of the ocean or be injected into ocean sediments or sediments and rocks beneath the ocean floor, inert and sequestered for the long term.

A method for liquefying ammonia can include the steps of: providing a pressurized carbon dioxide stream from a power generating facility; expanding the pressurized carbon dioxide stream to a lower pressure that is sufficient to produce a dual phase carbon dioxide fluid; introducing the dual phase carbon dioxide fluid to a gas-liquid separator; withdrawing a liquid stream from the gas-liquid separator; and liquefying an ammonia gas stream in an ammonia liquefier by indirect contact with the liquid stream from the gas-liquid separator, thereby forming a liquid ammonia stream and a gaseous carbon dioxide stream.

A method for automatically dispensing and vending carbon dioxide (CO2) snow block is disclosed. The automatic dispensing system contains multiple containers of different volumes. A user can input the volume of CO2 snow block into a controller, such as a programmable logic controller (PLC). The controller uses the inputted volume and process information to determine which container to utilize for the automated filling process. The controller can configure the selected container into a filling orientation into which liquid CO2 can flow to generate CO2 snow block. Upon detection of the completion of the fill, the container is configured into a dispensing orientation from which the CO2 snow block is released into an access region from which the user can retrieve the CO2 snow block. The control methodology may also be used to auto charge a single container located within a charging station as disclosed herein.

The invention relates to a method for condensing a gas, wherein the gas is subjected to cooling in indirect heat exchange with a refrigerant and at least part of the refrigerant is subjected, after the heat exchange with the gas, to compression by means of a drive (GT1) that produces waste heat and to a partial or complete condensing process. After the partial or complete condensing process, a first portion of the refrigerant is subjected to the heat exchange with the gas and a second portion of the refrigerant is subjected, in succession, to pressurization, heating by means of the waste heat of the drive (GT1) and work-performing expansion and thereafter is fed back to the partial or complete condensing process. The invention further relates to a corresponding system.

A method of simultaneously liquefying CO2 and cooling natural gas, including providing a compressed CO2 loop, comprising a pressurized cooling stream, wherein a first compressed cooling stream and a second compressed cooling stream are produced by a CO2 compressor. Providing at least a portion of the first compressed cooling stream to a CO2 liquefaction system, wherein the first compressed cooling stream provides at least a portion of the refrigeration required by the CO2 liquefaction system. Providing at least a portion of the second compressed cooling stream to the pre-cooling system of a natural gas liquefaction system, wherein the second compressed cooling stream provides at least a portion of the refrigeration required by the natural gas pre-cooling.