A method of facilitating real-time monitoring of conditions within a vial during a lyophilization process occurring within a lyophilization chamber includes, for each of a plurality of time intervals during the lyophilization process, determining current values of temperature and pressure within the lyophilization chamber and, after each time interval, determining current values of one or more conditions within the vial. Determining the current values of the condition(s) within the vial includes applying those current values as inputs to a heat and mass transfer balance model and solving for a current value of a temperature within the vial (and possibly water removed from or remaining within the product). The method also includes causing a display device to display the current value(s) of the condition(s) within the vial to a user, and/or controlling the temperature and/or pressure within the lyophilization chamber based on the current value(s) of the condition(s) within the vial.

A method of facilitating real-time monitoring of conditions within a vial during a lyophilization process occurring within a lyophilization chamber includes, for each of a plurality of time intervals during the lyophilization process, determining current values of temperature and pressure within the lyophilization chamber and, after each time interval, determining current values of one or more conditions within the vial. Determining the current values of the condition(s) within the vial includes applying those current values as inputs to a heat and mass transfer balance model and solving for a current value of a temperature within the vial (and possibly water removed from or remaining within the product). The method also includes causing a display device to display the current value(s) of the condition(s) within the vial to a user, and/or controlling the temperature and/or pressure within the lyophilization chamber based on the current value(s) of the condition(s) within the vial.

A continuous wood modification by heat process, that comprises: stacking wooden boards on a trolley at intervals; exerting pressure on said wooden boards; transferring said wooden boards to a heating kiln, pre-heated by microwave and hot air circulation, that has a water vapor flow of 2-5 meter3/hour, a temperature range of 60-100° C., and a humidity range of 50%-100%; transferring said wooden boards to a shallow drying kiln, pre-heated by microwave and hot air circulation, that has a drying temperature of 100-120° C.; transferring said wooden boards to a deep drying kiln, pre-heated by microwave and hot air circulation, that has a drying temperature of 120-120° C., an oxygen content range of 1-10%, and a water vapor flow rate of 1-10 m3/hour; transferring said wooden boards to a carbonization kiln, pre-heated by microwave and hot air circulation, that has a temperature range of 120-180° C., an oxygen content range of 1%-5%; transferring said wooden boards to a slow cooling kiln, that has a temperature range of 120-130° C., and an oxygen content range of 1%-10%; transferring said wooden boards to a fast cooling kiln, that has a temperature range of 90-100° C.; transferring said wooden boards to a rewetting kiln, that has a humidity range of 50%-100%; providing water vapor to said rewetting kiln; while being in said rewetting kiln, and when a temperature range of said wooden boards is 40-60° C., and a moisture content of said wooden boards is 6%-10%, transferring said wooden boards out of said rewetting kiln; wherein each of said heating kiln, said shallow drying kiln, said deep drying kiln, said carbonization kiln, said slow cooling kiln, said fast cooling kiln, and said rewetting kiln comprises a fan, a partition board, a shunt hood, and an exhaust port; wherein said partition board divides an interior of each of said heating kiln, said shallow drying kiln, said deep drying kiln, said carbonization kiln, said slow cooling kiln, said fast cooling kiln, and said rewetting kiln into an upper chamber and a lower chamber; wherein said shunt hood is disposed in said upper chamber; wherein said fan, said shunt hood, and said lower chamber are connected and form a air channel; wherein said lower chamber comprises a shunt plate, disposed along left and right walls of a kiln; wherein said shunting plate comprises a plurality of sieve holes that are disposed gradually dense from top to bottom; wherein one end of said shunt plate is connected with said partition board and the other end is connected with the bottom of a kiln.

A continuous wood modification by heat process, that comprises: stacking wooden boards on a trolley at intervals; exerting pressure on said wooden boards; transferring said wooden boards to a heating kiln, pre-heated by microwave and hot air circulation, that has a water vapor flow of 2-5 meter3/hour, a temperature range of 60-100° C., and a humidity range of 50%-100%; transferring said wooden boards to a shallow drying kiln, pre-heated by microwave and hot air circulation, that has a drying temperature of 100-120° C.; transferring said wooden boards to a deep drying kiln, pre-heated by microwave and hot air circulation, that has a drying temperature of 120-120° C., an oxygen content range of 1-10%, and a water vapor flow rate of 1-10 m3/hour; transferring said wooden boards to a carbonization kiln, pre-heated by microwave and hot air circulation, that has a temperature range of 120-180° C., an oxygen content range of 1%-5%; transferring said wooden boards to a slow cooling kiln, that has a temperature range of 120-130° C., and an oxygen content range of 1%-10%; transferring said wooden boards to a fast cooling kiln, that has a temperature range of 90-100° C.; transferring said wooden boards to a rewetting kiln, that has a humidity range of 50%-100%; providing water vapor to said rewetting kiln; while being in said rewetting kiln, and when a temperature range of said wooden boards is 40-60° C., and a moisture content of said wooden boards is 6%-10%, transferring said wooden boards out of said rewetting kiln; wherein each of said heating kiln, said shallow drying kiln, said deep drying kiln, said carbonization kiln, said slow cooling kiln, said fast cooling kiln, and said rewetting kiln comprises a fan, a partition board, a shunt hood, and an exhaust port; wherein said partition board divides an interior of each of said heating kiln, said shallow drying kiln, said deep drying kiln, said carbonization kiln, said slow cooling kiln, said fast cooling kiln, and said rewetting kiln into an upper chamber and a lower chamber; wherein said shunt hood is disposed in said upper chamber; wherein said fan, said shunt hood, and said lower chamber are connected and form a air channel; wherein said lower chamber comprises a shunt plate, disposed along left and right walls of a kiln; wherein said shunting plate comprises a plurality of sieve holes that are disposed gradually dense from top to bottom; wherein one end of said shunt plate is connected with said partition board and the other end is connected with the bottom of a kiln.

Embodiments of systems and approaches for managing post-harvest crop quality and pests are described. Such a system may include a plurality of edge devices each comprising sensor components and collectively forming a mesh network, for measuring the local physical environment within stored crops and, for example, transmitting the measurements to a service from within the crop storage area. In certain embodiments, such a system may be used to manage post-harvest crops and storage areas—for example, approaches are described for determining fumigation treatment duration, determining phosphine dosage, determining heat treatment duration, and determining safe storage time for crops.

Embodiments of systems and approaches for managing post-harvest crop quality and pests are described. Such a system may include a plurality of edge devices each comprising sensor components and collectively forming a mesh network, for measuring the local physical environment within stored crops and, for example, transmitting the measurements to a service from within the crop storage area. In certain embodiments, such a system may be used to manage post-harvest crops and storage areas—for example, approaches are described for determining fumigation treatment duration, determining phosphine dosage, determining heat treatment duration, and determining safe storage time for crops.

A dryer adapted for use in an asphalt plant. The dryer comprises a drum having an inner wall and a plurality of flights, each of which is disposed on the inner wall of the drum and each of which has a proximal end and a distal end spaced apart from the proximal end. At least one of the plurality of flights comprises a V-shaped notch. A method for drying components of asphalt comprising drying the components of asphalt in the drum of such a dryer.

A dryer adapted for use in an asphalt plant. The dryer comprises a drum having an inner wall and a plurality of flights, each of which is disposed on the inner wall of the drum and each of which has a proximal end and a distal end spaced apart from the proximal end. At least one of the plurality of flights comprises a V-shaped notch. A method for drying components of asphalt comprising drying the components of asphalt in the drum of such a dryer.

A round dryer for drying workpieces has a helically revolving workpiece passage in a work container and is provided with a heating device. The work container is closed at its upper side.

The present document describes methods for drying an aqueous priming coating composition covering an external surface exposed to air of a carbon material, or an aqueous coating composition covering an intermediate substrate covering an external surface exposed to air of a carbon material, to form a layer thereon. Also described are systems for drying a coating composition covering a surface of a carbon material.