A direct reduction shaft furnace having at least one probe disposed vertically within the reduction zone thereof. The probe preferably extends from the top to the bottom of the reduction zone. The probe allows for gas sampling along the length thereof and transmittal of the gas to at least one type of gas analysis device. The probe may also allow for the measurement of the temperature and pressure of the gas sample as it is taken.

A direct reduction shaft furnace having at least one probe disposed vertically within the reduction zone thereof. The probe preferably extends from the top to the bottom of the reduction zone. The probe allows for gas sampling along the length thereof and transmittal of the gas to at least one type of gas analysis device. The probe may also allow for the measurement of the temperature and pressure of the gas sample as it is taken.

A surface profile detection apparatus of a burden includes: a transmission and reception means for transmitting and receiving a detection wave, an antenna connected to the transmission and reception means and configured to transmit and receive the detection wave, a circumferential scanning means for scanning the detection wave in a circumferential direction of a container, and a diametrical scanning means for scanning the detection wave in a diametrical direction of the container by tilting an angle variable reflection plate, wherein the diametrical scanning means tilts the angle variable reflection plate by means of a swing mechanism (traverse cam) and a spline driven by a drive source for driving the circumferential scanning means. The circumferential scanning means and the diametrical scanning means are caused to cooperate with each other, thereby three-dimensionally detecting a surface profile of the burden.

A method for monitoring the wear of a refractory lining of a blast furnace using modelling of a part of the blast furnace and thermal field calculation. Computer program allowing to perform such a method.

A method for monitoring the wear of a refractory lining of a blast furnace using modelling of a part of the blast furnace and thermal field calculation. Computer program allowing to perform such a method.

An indirect-heat thermal processor for processing bulk solids includes a housing including an inlet for receiving the bulk solids and an outlet for discharging the bulk solids and a plurality of heat transfer plate assemblies disposed between the inlet and the outlet and arranged in spaced relationship for the flow of the bulk solids that flow from the inlet, between the heat transfer plate assemblies, to the outlet. The heat transfer plate assemblies include a heat spreader, a heating element disposed adjacent the heat spreader, a temperature detection device spaced from the heating element and disposed adjacent the heat spreader, covers disposed on opposing sides of the heat spreader, the heating element, and the temperature detection device to provide a sandwiched assembly in which the heat spreader, the heating element, and the temperature detection device are sandwiched between the covers, heating element couplings coupled to the heating element and extending from the sandwiched assembly for controlling the heating element, and a connector coupled to the temperature detection device and extending from the sandwiched assembly for monitoring a temperature at the temperature detection device.

An indirect-heat thermal processor for processing bulk solids includes a housing including an inlet for receiving the bulk solids and an outlet for discharging the bulk solids and a plurality of heat transfer plate assemblies disposed between the inlet and the outlet and arranged in spaced relationship for the flow of the bulk solids that flow from the inlet, between the heat transfer plate assemblies, to the outlet. The heat transfer plate assemblies include a heat spreader, a heating element disposed adjacent the heat spreader, a temperature detection device spaced from the heating element and disposed adjacent the heat spreader, covers disposed on opposing sides of the heat spreader, the heating element, and the temperature detection device to provide a sandwiched assembly in which the heat spreader, the heating element, and the temperature detection device are sandwiched between the covers, heating element couplings coupled to the heating element and extending from the sandwiched assembly for controlling the heating element, and a connector coupled to the temperature detection device and extending from the sandwiched assembly for monitoring a temperature at the temperature detection device.

An air blast system for melting furnaces includes: a supply unit supplying hot air into a melting furnace; a bustle pipe connected to the supply unit; a tuyere stock connecting the bustle pipe to the melting furnace to supply hot air from the bustle pipe to the melting furnace in a distributed manner; and a temperature management module determining whether the tuyere stock is damaged by comparing a temperature of the tuyere stock with a preset reference temperature.

An air blast system for melting furnaces includes: a supply unit supplying hot air into a melting furnace; a bustle pipe connected to the supply unit; a tuyere stock connecting the bustle pipe to the melting furnace to supply hot air from the bustle pipe to the melting furnace in a distributed manner; and a temperature management module determining whether the tuyere stock is damaged by comparing a temperature of the tuyere stock with a preset reference temperature.

A blast furnace fault determination apparatus includes a processor configured to: calculate a fault index indicative of a degree of fault in a blast furnace; calculate a ventilation index of the blast furnace; and determine a fault condition in the blast furnace using the fault index and the ventilation index.