Method for cooling a heating element of an electric heater in a thermal process cycle comprising the steps of cooling the heating element at a first cooling rate from a first temperature to a second temperature and cooling the heating element at a second cooling rate from the second temperature to a third temperature, wherein the second cooling rate is faster than the first cooling rate.

Method for cooling a heating element of an electric heater in a thermal process cycle comprising the steps of cooling the heating element at a first cooling rate from a first temperature to a second temperature and cooling the heating element at a second cooling rate from the second temperature to a third temperature, wherein the second cooling rate is faster than the first cooling rate.

An arc furnace bottom construction for maintaining the outer surface temperature of the bottom construction essentially at least on the lower part of the arc furnace essentially close to the temperature surrounding the arc furnace. The bottom construction contains at least two constructions to be cooled and being positioned to each other in different heights seen from the side view.

An arc furnace bottom construction for maintaining the outer surface temperature of the bottom construction essentially at least on the lower part of the arc furnace essentially close to the temperature surrounding the arc furnace. The bottom construction contains at least two constructions to be cooled and being positioned to each other in different heights seen from the side view.

Cooling device suitable to be used in an electric melting furnace (30), or suchlike, in cooperation with the lateral wall of said electric furnace (30) and comprising at least one pair of cooling panels (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) each provided with a plurality of cooling tubes (13, 14, 15, 16); the electric furnace (30) comprises at the lower part at least one shell (17) to contain the molten metal bath (18) and a jacket (19) above it, in which said cooling panels (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) are positioned; the tubes (13, 14, 15, 16) provided in the panels (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) are interspersed with free spaces (20, 21, 22, 23), in such a way that at least in the proximity of any one free space (20, 21, 22, 23) of one panel (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) there is positioned at least one tube (13, 14, 15, 16) of another panel (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b), and in such a way that substantially the tubes (13, 15) comprised in one panel (11a, 11b) are offset from the tubes (14, 16) comprised in the other panel (12a, 12b),

Cooling device suitable to be used in an electric melting furnace (30), or suchlike, in cooperation with the lateral wall of said electric furnace (30) and comprising at least one pair of cooling panels (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) each provided with a plurality of cooling tubes (13, 14, 15, 16); the electric furnace (30) comprises at the lower part at least one shell (17) to contain the molten metal bath (18) and a jacket (19) above it, in which said cooling panels (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) are positioned; the tubes (13, 14, 15, 16) provided in the panels (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) are interspersed with free spaces (20, 21, 22, 23), in such a way that at least in the proximity of any one free space (20, 21, 22, 23) of one panel (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) there is positioned at least one tube (13, 14, 15, 16) of another panel (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b), and in such a way that substantially the tubes (13, 15) comprised in one panel (11a, 11b) are offset from the tubes (14, 16) comprised in the other panel (12a, 12b),

The present invention relates to a waterless system and method for cooling a metallurgical processing furnace. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO.sub.2) is used as a coolant, as opposed to water, which provides several advantages. For example, sCO.sub.2 can be used at higher temperatures, the risk of an explosion (with use of water) is eliminated, there are no problems with regard to reverse solubility of water at higher temperatures that can foul passageways, and smaller cooling passages can be used thus reducing the cost of cooling panels. A system is disclosed which uses a reservoir to store the sCO.sub.2, a compressor or pump to cause the delivery of the sCO.sub.2 to cooling passages in the furnace, a pressure reducing valve or a turbine to decrease the pressure of the sCO.sub.2, and a heat exchanger to cool the sCO.sub.2 to a liquid state as the sCO.sub.2 travels back to the reservoir.

Various examples related to portland cement manufacturing using municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash are provided. In one example, a method includes providing a raw kiln feed including MSWI to a kiln, forming ash-amended clinker (ACK) by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln, and preparing ash-amended cement (AAC) from the ACK. The MSWI bottom ash can make up about 5% by mass or less of the raw kiln feed. The ACK can have a chemical composition that meets ASTM C150/ASTM C595, and the AAC can include arsenic, barium, copper, and lead consistent with defined Soil Cleanup Target Levels. In another example, a system includes a kiln, a kiln feed system that supplies raw kiln feed including MSWI bottom ash to the kiln, and a finish mill that grinds ACK formed by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln to form AAC.

Various examples related to portland cement manufacturing using municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash are provided. In one example, a method includes providing a raw kiln feed including MSWI to a kiln, forming ash-amended clinker (ACK) by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln, and preparing ash-amended cement (AAC) from the ACK. The MSWI bottom ash can make up about 5% by mass or less of the raw kiln feed. The ACK can have a chemical composition that meets ASTM C150/ASTM C595, and the AAC can include arsenic, barium, copper, and lead consistent with defined Soil Cleanup Target Levels. In another example, a system includes a kiln, a kiln feed system that supplies raw kiln feed including MSWI bottom ash to the kiln, and a finish mill that grinds ACK formed by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln to form AAC.

All of a cast-iron or cast-copper stave cooler's weight is supported inside a furnace containment shell by a single gas-tight steel collar on its backside face. All the coolant piping in each cooler has every external fluid connection collected and routed together through the one steel collar. A wear protection barrier is disposed on the hot face. At least one of horizontal rows of ribs and channels retain metal inserts or refractory bricks, or pockets that assist in the retention of castable cement and/or accretions frozen in place from a melt, or an application of an area of hardfacing that is welded on in bead, crosshatch, or weave pattern.