A sintering furnace may include a furnace chamber and a retort located within the furnace chamber that receives a part to be heated. The furnace may also include one or more heating elements positioned around the retort and a power controller including power modules connected in series. The power modules may be operably connected to the one or more heating elements and may provide a direct current (DC) power output. A controller may selectively control the power modules to supply power to the one or more heating elements.

A sintering furnace may include a furnace chamber and a retort located within the furnace chamber that receives a part to be heated. The furnace may also include one or more heating elements positioned around the retort and a power controller including power modules connected in series. The power modules may be operably connected to the one or more heating elements and may provide a direct current (DC) power output. A controller may selectively control the power modules to supply power to the one or more heating elements.

Provided herein are an oven and a method of opening or closing the door. In more detail, disclosed herein are an oven having a door opening or closing unit capable of opening or closing a door driven by remote control and a method of opening or closing the door of the oven. Some of embodiments provide an oven capable of opening or closing a door by using a door opening or closing unit according to remote control and a method of opening or closing the door of the oven.

Provided herein are an oven and a method of opening or closing the door. In more detail, disclosed herein are an oven having a door opening or closing unit capable of opening or closing a door driven by remote control and a method of opening or closing the door of the oven. Some of embodiments provide an oven capable of opening or closing a door by using a door opening or closing unit according to remote control and a method of opening or closing the door of the oven.

In an example implementation, a method of determining a sintering process endpoint includes monitoring gas flow through a detection gas line routed into a sintering furnace and through a furnace shelf on which a token green object is positioned. The method includes detecting a change in the gas flow when the token green object shrinks during a sintering process in the furnace, and determining that green objects being sintered in the furnace have reached a sintering endpoint when the change in the gas flow reaches a predetermined target.

In an example implementation, a method of determining a sintering process endpoint includes monitoring gas flow through a detection gas line routed into a sintering furnace and through a furnace shelf on which a token green object is positioned. The method includes detecting a change in the gas flow when the token green object shrinks during a sintering process in the furnace, and determining that green objects being sintered in the furnace have reached a sintering endpoint when the change in the gas flow reaches a predetermined target.

In an example implementation, a sintering system includes a detection gas line to enable gas to flow into a sintering furnace from an external gas supply. The system includes a detection gas port inside the furnace through which gas from the detection gas line is to flow into the furnace, and a registration feature inside the furnace to enable positioning of a token green object proximate the gas detection port. The system includes a gas flow monitor to detect changes in gas flow through the detection gas line when the token green object shrinks during a sintering process in the furnace.

A temperature-control device for receiving a reaction vessel having a heat-insulated interior space and which is covered by a lid. The reaction vessel has a hollow body and a cap, this hollow body being closed on one side by a base. The base contacts a heatable heating block in order to heat a sample located in the reaction vessel. The hollow body is surrounded by a heatable heating body which communicates with the lid via a heat-conducting contact region so that the heating body heats the hollow body directly and heats the cap indirectly via the lid.

A temperature-control device for receiving a reaction vessel having a heat-insulated interior space and which is covered by a lid. The reaction vessel has a hollow body and a cap, this hollow body being closed on one side by a base. The base contacts a heatable heating block in order to heat a sample located in the reaction vessel. The hollow body is surrounded by a heatable heating body which communicates with the lid via a heat-conducting contact region so that the heating body heats the hollow body directly and heats the cap indirectly via the lid.

Described herein are glass forming apparatuses with cooled muffle assemblies and methods for using the same to form glass ribbons. According to one embodiment, a muffle assembly for a fusion forming apparatus may include a muffle frame comprising a back wall, a front wall opposite the back wall, and a pair of sidewalls joining the front wall to the back wall in a closed-loop. At least one first cooling tube may extend through the back wall and the front wall across the closed-loop. At least one second cooling tube may extend through the back wall and the front wall across the closed loop such that the at least one second cooling tube is spaced apart from and parallel with the at least one first cooling tube.