A plant for producing cement clinker, comprising as viewed in the direction of materials flow, a heat exchanger to preheat raw meal, a downstream calciner to calcine the raw meal, a rotary kiln to sinter the calcined raw meal, and a clinker cooler to cool the sintered cement clinker. A combustion device which carbonizes, pyrolysis or burns difficult fuels, is embodied as a pot reactor or gooseneck reactor in an inverted U-shape, and is positioned upstream of the calciner on the flow path of the exhaust gases from the rotary kiln to the calciner, and has a gas outlet that opens out above a tertiary-air line of the clinker cooler into the calciner. As a result, it becomes possible to burn fuel which is lumpy and/or has poor ignitability, and the gases from incomplete combustion in the reactor are available in the calciner in gaseous form for further combustion.

A method for calcination includes providing a heated coarse solid particle stream with a carbon dioxide rich sorbent to a reactor having a rotatable container.

A method for calcination includes providing a heated coarse solid particle stream with a carbon dioxide rich sorbent to a reactor having a rotatable container.

A method for calcination of a carbon dioxide rich sorbent (containing CaCO.sub.3) includes combusting in a furnace a fuel with an oxidizer, supplying heat transfer (HT) solids into the furnace and heating them, transferring the HT solid particles from the furnace to a reactor having a rotatable container, supplying a carbon dioxide rich solid sorbent (containing CaCO.sub.3) into the rotatable container, rotating the rotatable container for mixing the solid particles and the carbon dioxide rich solid sorbent for transferring heat from the solid particles to the carbon dioxide rich solid sorbent and generating carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide lean solid sorbent (mainly CaO), discharging the carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide lean solid sorbent from the rotatable container and the subsequent classification of the HT solids from the lean sorbent.

To provide a method of forming a positive electrode active material with high productivity. To provide a manufacturing apparatus capable of forming a positive electrode active material with high productivity. Provided is a method of forming a positive electrode active material including lithium, a transition metal, oxygen, and fluorine. An adhesion preventing step is performed during heating of an object. Examples of the adhesion preventing step include stirring by rotating a furnace during the heating, stirring by vibrating a container containing an object during the heating, and crushing performed between the plurality of heating steps. By these manufacturing methods, a positive electrode active material having favorable distribution of an additive at the surface portion can be formed.

Provided is a sintering furnace. The sintering furnace includes: a furnace body and a furnace head cover having a feed inlet, the furnace head cover covering a furnace head of the furnace body, the furnace head cover being axially limited relative to the furnace head, the furnace body being rotatable around a central axis relative to the furnace head cover, and the feed inlet being in communication with an interior of the furnace body; a sliding support structure including a first sliding structure configured to support the furnace head cover, the furnace head cover being fixedly connected to the first sliding structure, and the first sliding structure being slidably arranged in a length direction of the furnace body; and a feeding device in communication with the feed inlet through a flexible connection pipe.

There is provided a kiln assembly comprising a kiln having an external heat supply and a heat treatment chamber configured to contain material to be processed, the heat treatment chamber including a hot section wherein the material flowing therein is heated by the external heat supply; a pre-heating section; a cooling section; and a heat transfer conduit circuit. The pre-heating, hot, and cooling sections are in material communication. The heat transfer conduit circuit forms a closed loop in which circulates a heat transfer fluid and has a pre-heating segment and a cooling segment respectively in heat exchange with the pre-heating and the cooling sections. The heat transfer fluid respectively releases heat to the material located in the pre-heating section and absorbs heat from the material located in the cooling section. There is also provided a method for recovering heat during operation of a kiln assembly.

To provide a method of forming a positive electrode active material with high productivity. To provide a manufacturing apparatus capable of forming a positive electrode active material with high productivity. Provided is a method of forming a positive electrode active material including lithium, a transition metal, oxygen, and fluorine. An adhesion preventing step is performed during heating of an object. Examples of the adhesion preventing step include stirring by rotating a furnace during the heating, stirring by vibrating a container containing an object during the heating, and crushing performed between the plurality of heating steps. By these manufacturing methods, a positive electrode active material having favorable distribution of an additive at the surface portion can be formed.

A method for manufacturing a ceramic product containing silicon carbide, including a step of firing a formed body of a green body containing silicon carbide by transporting the formed body from an inlet to an outlet of a continuous furnace, wherein the continuous furnace includes the inlet, a heating zone, a cooling zone, and the outlet in this order, and a furnace atmosphere in both the heating zone and the cooling zone is an inert gas having an oxygen concentration of 100 ppm by volume or less.