A thermal processing apparatus and a thermal processing method where the vessel with interconnected chambers in which the solid material is thermally processed is suspended in a heat exchange medium while it is rotated, which reduces the energy to rotate the vessel, increases heat transfer surface area, increases the turbulence of the heat exchange medium around the vessel and improves the movement of solid particles relative to each other and relative to the heat exchange surface. These features combine to increase the heat transfer rates within a compact vessel size.

A thermal processing apparatus and a thermal processing method where the vessel with interconnected chambers in which the solid material is thermally processed is suspended in a heat exchange medium while it is rotated, which reduces the energy to rotate the vessel, increases heat transfer surface area, increases the turbulence of the heat exchange medium around the vessel and improves the movement of solid particles relative to each other and relative to the heat exchange surface. These features combine to increase the heat transfer rates within a compact vessel size.

An apparatus (100) is provided for thermal or thermal-catalytic degradation of feedstock. The apparatus includes a retort vessel (102). The retort vessel (102) is configured to receive feedstock. Further, the retort vessel includes at least one partition structure (106), wherein the partition structure (106) divides the retort vessel into volumetric zones and extends from an input end (122) of the retort vessel (102) to an output end (124) of the retort vessel (102). The retort vessel (102) is declined to facilitate movement of the feedstock from an input end (122) of the retort vessel (102) towards output end (124) of the retort vessel (102). Further, the retort vessel (102) is configured to rotate angularly and heated to facilitate thermal or thermal-catalytic degradation of the feedstock.

An apparatus (100) is provided for thermal or thermal-catalytic degradation of feedstock. The apparatus includes a retort vessel (102). The retort vessel (102) is configured to receive feedstock. Further, the retort vessel includes at least one partition structure (106), wherein the partition structure (106) divides the retort vessel into volumetric zones and extends from an input end (122) of the retort vessel (102) to an output end (124) of the retort vessel (102). The retort vessel (102) is declined to facilitate movement of the feedstock from an input end (122) of the retort vessel (102) towards output end (124) of the retort vessel (102). Further, the retort vessel (102) is configured to rotate angularly and heated to facilitate thermal or thermal-catalytic degradation of the feedstock.