A pyrolysis furnace having a heating chamber which surrounds a cylindrical pyrolysis chamber. The heating chamber is assembled from an upper part and a lower part, which can be joined. Each part of the heating chamber is provided with two rows of heating elements, which are arranged along the length of the housing of the heating chamber symmetrically relative to a vertical plane passing through the axis of the pyrolysis chamber. The heating elements are in the form of units, containing at least one flameless gas burner. The heating elements in the upper part of the heating chamber are arranged in a checkerboard fashion relative to the heating elements in the lower part. The furnace relates to power generation and the environment and is intended for the thermal processing of solid and free-flowing materials, particularly in processes for the pyrolysis of solid carbon-containing materials, including municipal and domestic waste.

A pyrolysis furnace having a heating chamber which surrounds a cylindrical pyrolysis chamber. The heating chamber is assembled from an upper part and a lower part, which can be joined. Each part of the heating chamber is provided with two rows of heating elements, which are arranged along the length of the housing of the heating chamber symmetrically relative to a vertical plane passing through the axis of the pyrolysis chamber. The heating elements are in the form of units, containing at least one flameless gas burner. The heating elements in the upper part of the heating chamber are arranged in a checkerboard fashion relative to the heating elements in the lower part. The furnace relates to power generation and the environment and is intended for the thermal processing of solid and free-flowing materials, particularly in processes for the pyrolysis of solid carbon-containing materials, including municipal and domestic waste.

Method of operating a long direct-fired inclined counterflow rotary kiln for the thermal treatment of material and counterflow rotary kiln adapted for same, whereby material to be treated is introduced into the kiln at the inlet end and treated material is evacuated from the kiln at the outlet end, whereby a main combustion zone extends inside the kiln over a distance of to of the internal length L.sub.int of the kiln, whereby a supplementary combustion zone in which supplementary combustion takes place with an oxygen-rich oxidant extends inside the kiln over a distance from the inlet end of at most of the internal length L.sub.int, and whereby no combustion takes place in a heat exchange zone located between the main combustion zone and the supplementary combustion zone.

Method of operating a long direct-fired inclined counterflow rotary kiln for the thermal treatment of material and counterflow rotary kiln adapted for same, whereby material to be treated is introduced into the kiln at the inlet end and treated material is evacuated from the kiln at the outlet end, whereby a main combustion zone extends inside the kiln over a distance of to of the internal length L.sub.int of the kiln, whereby a supplementary combustion zone in which supplementary combustion takes place with an oxygen-rich oxidant extends inside the kiln over a distance from the inlet end of at most of the internal length L.sub.int, and whereby no combustion takes place in a heat exchange zone located between the main combustion zone and the supplementary combustion zone.

A thermal processing system includes a tilted rotary furnace configured to sinter a powder at a sintering temperature, a quenching apparatus configured to quench the sintered powder in a quench fluid, and a transfer conduit configured to provide the sintered powder having the sintering temperature from the tilted rotary furnace to the quenching apparatus in 500 ms or less.

A thermal processing system includes a tilted rotary furnace configured to sinter a powder at a sintering temperature, a quenching apparatus configured to quench the sintered powder in a quench fluid, and a transfer conduit configured to provide the sintered powder having the sintering temperature from the tilted rotary furnace to the quenching apparatus in 500 ms or less.

Porous and easy water soluble amorphous silicon, method and apparatus to produce thereof can be obtained which does not contain tar, crystal, residual agrichemicals, and carcinogens by using only one burning treatment from a plant including silicon abundantly such as rice plant like as rice husks constituting rice, rice straw, rice bran, wheat, corn, grass and horsetails, tea, potato and the like. It is a method of manufacturing an amorphous silicon which is porous and easily soluble in water and which does not contain tar, crystal, residual agrichemicals and carcinogens, which comprising, burning the rice husks, etc. at the temperature range of between 500 C. or more and 700 C. or less, while stirring the rice husks, etc., by introducing at atmospheric gas having a mass of 6.7 times or more and 20 times or less of the weight of the rice husks, etc., oxygen gas having a weight of 1.4 times or more and 4 times or less with respect to the weight of the rice husks, etc., or mixed gas of the atmospheric gas and the oxygen gas into the furnace, at the same time as burning, combustion gas generated at the time of combustion rice husks, etc. is discharged from the furnace.

Porous and easy water soluble amorphous silicon, method and apparatus to produce thereof can be obtained which does not contain tar, crystal, residual agrichemicals, and carcinogens by using only one burning treatment from a plant including silicon abundantly such as rice plant like as rice husks constituting rice, rice straw, rice bran, wheat, corn, grass and horsetails, tea, potato and the like. It is a method of manufacturing an amorphous silicon which is porous and easily soluble in water and which does not contain tar, crystal, residual agrichemicals and carcinogens, which comprising, burning the rice husks, etc. at the temperature range of between 500 C. or more and 700 C. or less, while stirring the rice husks, etc., by introducing at atmospheric gas having a mass of 6.7 times or more and 20 times or less of the weight of the rice husks, etc., oxygen gas having a weight of 1.4 times or more and 4 times or less with respect to the weight of the rice husks, etc., or mixed gas of the atmospheric gas and the oxygen gas into the furnace, at the same time as burning, combustion gas generated at the time of combustion rice husks, etc. is discharged from the furnace.

A cement clinker manufacturing method implemented in a continuous production facility having at least one fuel combustion area for firing an inorganic raw material into hot clinker, then the hot clinker is cooled in: a first cooling step in a first cooler; and a second consecutive cooling step in a second cooler. The first cooling step is continually carried out by blowing an oxygen gas on the hot clinker to obtain partially cooled clinker, and all the heated oxygen gas, created by the first cooler, is sent to the combustion area for use as combustion gas by adjusting the amount of oxygen gas, blown in the first cooler, such as to cover the combustion gas needs of the facility without any excess; and the partially cooled clinker is stored in a storage chamber, and the second cooling step is intermittently carried out on the partially cooled clinker.

A cement clinker manufacturing method implemented in a continuous production facility having at least one fuel combustion area for firing an inorganic raw material into hot clinker, then the hot clinker is cooled in: a first cooling step in a first cooler; and a second consecutive cooling step in a second cooler. The first cooling step is continually carried out by blowing an oxygen gas on the hot clinker to obtain partially cooled clinker, and all the heated oxygen gas, created by the first cooler, is sent to the combustion area for use as combustion gas by adjusting the amount of oxygen gas, blown in the first cooler, such as to cover the combustion gas needs of the facility without any excess; and the partially cooled clinker is stored in a storage chamber, and the second cooling step is intermittently carried out on the partially cooled clinker.