A system for melting materials during the production of a glass or ceramic material is disclosed. A method for melting materials during the production of a glass or ceramic material is also disclosed. The system comprises a melt tank having an interior with a width and a length; and an electrode array comprising a plurality of elongate electrodes each extending at least partially across the width of the interior of the melt tank. Each electrode within the electrode array is spaced apart from an adjacent electrode within the electrode array by from about 5 mm to 100 mm. The electrode array is configured such that during a heating operation, current flows between adjacent electrodes within the electrode array, such that heat is radiated from the electrodes to materials located within the interior of the melt tank.

Described herein are photonic furnaces and methods of using the same to produce metal products from a precursor material.

A reactor furnace for coating fiber tow includes an elongate reactor having a fiber tow inlet and a fiber tow outlet; a thermo-chemical reactor section positioned along the elongate reactor; a first microwave source for directing microwave energy along the reactor from a first end of the reactor toward a second end of the reactor; a second microwave source for directing microwave energy along the reactor from the second end of the reactor toward the first end of the reactor; a gas inlet upstream of the thermo-chemical reactor; and a gas outlet downstream of the thermo-chemical reactor.

Terminal housings, covers, and plate apparatus are disclosed. An example tamper protected terminal housing includes a back wall, a first side wall having a first slot, a second side wall opposite the first side wall and having a second slot, and a removable terminal plate. The removal terminal plate includes a deflection surface connecting a second tab to a planar body, the deflection surface positioned such that a deflection tool can be inserted between the deflection surface and the second side wall when the terminal plate is installed in the housing with the first tab engaged in the first slot and the second tab engaged in the second slot, the side walls configured to deflect at least a first distance to enable disengagement of the second tab from the second slot and removal of the terminal plate from the terminal housing.

A method of operating a burner assembly is provided. The method includes the steps of: providing combustible fuel at the input end of the burner assembly; providing atomization air at the input end of the burner assembly; transporting the combustible fuel and the atomization air to the output end of the burner assembly through concentric fluid lines; mixing the combustible fuel and the atomization air to atomize the combustible fuel; adjusting a flow of the combustible fuel and the atomization air to obtain atomized fuel with an air-to-fuel atomization ratio of less than 0.6; outputting the atomized fuel from a nozzle at the output end of the burner assembly; and igniting the atomized fuel to produce a flame. A burner assembly operable by said method, and a corresponding nozzle are also provided.

A microwave reduction furnace including a reaction furnace provided with a refractory chamber of silica or silicon carbide for storing a material therein, a supply section for supplying the material into the refractory chamber, the material being a mixture of a silica powder and a graphite powder or a mixture of a silica powder, a silicon carbide powder and a graphite powder, a discharge section for discharging molten silicon, obtained through reduction, out of the chamber, and a microwave oscillator for outputting microwave toward the refractory chamber in the reaction furnace with a degree of directionality by virtue of a helical antenna or a waveguide.

A heating chamber (1) for a heating furnace is proposed, with which electrothermal vaporization of impurities from samples can be effected in order to be able to then analyze them spectrometrically. The heating chamber has a wall (3), a sample reception area (5), a nozzle area (7) and two electrical connection areas (9, 11). The heating chamber (1) is specially configured such that an electric current flows through the wall (3) in such a way that a heating capacity caused by it is higher in the nozzle area (7) than in the sample reception area (5). For example, the electrical connection areas (9, 11) may be arranged in a radial direction remoter from the longitudinal axis (8) than a part of the wall (3) surrounding the nozzle area (7), and the heating chamber (1) may be configured, for example by means of a locally constricted area (13), in such a way that the current between the two electrical connection areas (9, 11) is predominantly conducted radially inwards towards the part of the wall (3) surrounding the nozzle area (7). Advantageous heat distribution in the heating chamber (1) achievable thereby may have a positive effect on the analysis of sample impurities.

A blank heating device having a heating furnace is provided and includes a plurality of heating members that heat a blank and a support fixture disposed within the heating furnace to support the blank. Further a transporting component is disposed beneath the support fixture and integrally displaces the support fixture and the blank to increase heating density of the blank. Consequently, a divisional heating occurs based on a size of the blank, which is a material for hot stamping, to improve heating density of the blank. Accordingly, marketability of a material is improved and a preheating time and heat loss is minimized. As a result, work convenience is improved and a consumption amount of energy is reduced.

A microwave irradiating and heating device including: a reaction furnace containing a sample material to be irradiated with a microwave passed through an opening and to be heated; a microwave irradiating source disposed outside the reaction furnace; a rotated quadric surface mirror reflecting microwave emitted from the microwave irradiating source toward the opening, and disposed above the reaction furnace; a lid for the opening, at least a portion of the lid made from dielectric to transmit microwave reflected on the rotated quadric surface mirror into the reaction furnace; wherein an angle of incidence of the microwave, reflected on the rotated quadric surface mirror and irradiated at the portion of the lid made from the dielectric, is at an angle causing a polarized wave of the microwave to pass through the portion.

The present invention relates to a plasma furnace capable of separating and discharging different kinds of molten material, which comprises a furnace body 110; and a heating portion 140 for heating the lateral discharge gate 120, 130, wherein the furnace body comprises a melt discharge portion formed through a lower portion of the melting chamber 101 provided for accommodating molten material; and at least two lateral discharge gates 120, 130 provided at different heights capable of discharging molten material.