Cooling towers and cooling tower fill configured for the cooling of process water with air by indirect heat exchange, in which the fill is configured with a first set of channels and a second set of channels, said first and second set of channels interleaved with one-another so that heat exchange occurs across material separating said channels from one-another.

The invention is an industrial cooling system to control the temperature of the water coming back from the process using a hybrid of air-cooled and water-cooled phases related to the cooling systems, including heat exchangers to reduce and control the temperature of the fluids. This invention is also a hybrid system of air-cooled and water-cooled heat exchangers and heat exchangers immersed in water, and features intelligent control of the fluids entering the process reactors. The invention is a type of cooling tower based on heat exchanges between the hot fluid and ambient air as a cooling fluid and also heat transfer from hot fluid passageways with cooler fluids such as water or cooled air with the help of water. The fluid enters a round trip cycle by entering the tube network and finned tubes of the main heat exchanger.

Heat rejection devices, including cooling towers, condensers and closed circuit coolers, having side-mounted backward-curved centrifugal fans mounted on top of the device, above a fan plenum instead of a top-mounted axial fan. Heat rejection capability can be easily modified by adding or subtracting fans without impacting unit footprint. Also, the ability to handle higher static pressures allows for the use of a more densely packed heat exchanger in the same footprint unit, which will increase the unit performance.

A heat exchange apparatus is disclosed having a liquid distribution system configured to distribute liquid onto a liquid absorbent material and an airflow generator operable to cause air to flow through the liquid absorbent material and toward an indirect heat exchanger. The heat exchange apparatus includes a controller configured to operate in a dry mode where the controller inhibits the liquid distribution system from distributing liquid onto the liquid absorbent material and a wet mode where the controller causes the liquid distribution system to distribute liquid onto the liquid absorbent material. The controller is further configured to operate at least one of the liquid distribution system and the airflow generator to inhibit drift of liquid from the liquid absorbent material toward the indirect heat exchanger in response to the controller switching from the dry mode to the wet mode.