A heat removal system comprising a heat sink, a plurality of fractal-fins each having a predetermined geometry; and a plurality of phase change materials each having a predetermined geometry.

A thermal management system for a directed energy weapon includes a heat transfer assembly thermally coupled to the directed energy weapon. The heat transfer assembly includes a phase change material. The thermal management system further includes a secondary system and a thermal management fluid circulating through a closed loop fluidly coupled to the heat transfer assembly and the secondary system. A mode of operation of the directed energy weapon is dependent on a condition of the phase change material.

A thermal barrier for helping to maintain a temperature in volumes and/or at least one internal structural component surrounded by the barrier. The barrier has a first component containing at least one phase change material (PCM) that changes its state at a first temperature, a second component containing a PCM that changes its state at a second temperature which is different from the first temperature, and a third, thermally insulating component that is disposed between the first and second components containing a PCM or outside the second component.

Methods and system for operating a thermal storage device of a vehicle system are provided. In one example, a method comprises determining a state of charge of the thermal battery based on an accurate estimation of a melting temperature of one or more phase change materials (PCMs) at a specific aggregate pressure inside the thermal storage device. Variation in melting temperature of the PCM may be minimized by reducing pressure variation inside the thermal storage device by regulating a position of one or more pressure relief valves of the thermal storage device.

Electric power is accumulated in another form without using a storage battery so as to more effectively utilize electric power generated by solar power generation. A cold heat source storage system includes a freezer operated by directly utilizing the output power of a solar power generation device, a cold heat source storage chamber cooled by the freezer, a number of water tanks installed in the cold heat source storage chamber, and a heat exchange device installed in the cold heat source storage chamber. The system can be included in heat source storage system, which includes a heater operated by directly utilizing the output power of the solar power generation device, a heat source storage tank which stores water heated by the heater, and a heat exchange device installed in the hot heat source storage tank.

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to an electronic assembly including a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface and one or more electronic devices bonded to the first surface of the substrate. A first heat-storing region is embedded within the substrate and proximate to the second surface. The first heat-storing region comprises a phase change material encapsulated by an encapsulating layer. A melting temperature of the encapsulating layer is higher than a melting temperature of the phase change material and a maximum operating temperature of the one or more electronic devices. A heat transfer layer is embedded within the substrate and thermally connects the first heat-storing region to the one or more electronic devices.

A cooling system transfers thermal energy from a temperature-critical reservoir to a heat sink. The system has an intermediate reservoir which is thermally interposed between the temperature-critical reservoir and the heat sink. The intermediate reservoir serves as an energy buffer between the two reservoirs by accepting thermal energy from the temperature-critical reservoir, storing that energy, and then transferring it to a heat sink by means of a temperature-driven process rather than by means of a heat pump. Transfer of thermal energy from the intermediate reservoir to the heat sink is temporally coordinated with naturally occurring temperature variations of the heat sink so that all thermal energy transfer processes conducted by the system are temperature-driven.

This invention relates to a cooking apparatus comprising a container having a bottom wall, side wall, and an upper wall enclosing a first inner chamber of the container, where the bottom wall and side wall of the container are thermally insulating, and the upper wall is thermally insulating except for at least one planar and substantially horizontally oriented cooking zone which is thermally conductive, a first phase-change material located inside and substantially filling the first inner chamber of the container, an electric resistance heating element located in the first phase-change material and electrically connected to a source of electric energy, and a releasable lid made of a thermally insulating material adapted to cover and thermally insulate each of the at least one cooking zone.

The present subject matter includes: a heat exchange part having heating medium channels, through which heating medium flows, and combustion gas channels, through which combustion gas burned in a burner flows, adjacently disposed in alternation in the spaces between the plurality of plates; a first welding part in which the outer edges of a pair of plates forming the heating medium channel are welded together; a second welding part in which the plates forming the combustion gas channel, between the plates forming the heating medium channel, are welded to the outer edges of the plates forming the heating medium channel to form; and a guide part for guiding the welding material molten solution of the first welding part into moving to the second welding part.

There is herein described energy storage systems. More particularly, there is herein described thermal energy storage systems and use of energy storable material such as phase change material in the provision of heating and/or cooling systems in, for example, domestic dwellings.