A liquid cryogenic vaporizer and method of use are disclosed. The vaporizer includes a main tube, a cryogenic fluid inlet positioned proximate a first end of the main tube for receiving cryogenic fluid, and a second tube having a diameter smaller than the main tube, the second tube being in fluid communication with the main tube at a second end of the main tube opposite the cryogenic fluid inlet. The vaporizer further includes an outlet extending from the inner tube for expelling vaporized fluid. The second tube can be positioned within the main tube, and one or more velocity limiters are optionally included within the main tube along a fluid path.

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) for the indirect transfer of heat between a first and at least one second medium (M, M′), having a jacket space (I) for receiving the first medium (M), a core pipe (20) arranged in the jacket space (I), a pipe bundle (15) arranged in the jacket space (I), which bundle comprises a plurality of pipes (10) which are each wound around the core pipe (20) such that the pipe bundle (15) has a plurality of pipe layers arranged on top of each other (100, 101, 102, 103) which each comprise at least one pipe (10), a pipe bundle gap (200, 201, 202, 203) being present between all the adjacent pipe layers (100, 101; 101, 102; . . . ) and a plurality of spacers (30) being arranged in each pipe bundle gap (200, 201, 202, 203) to support the pipe layers (100, 101, 102, 103). According to the invention, the spacers (30) each have a thickness (D) in the radial direction (R) of the pipe bundle (15), the thicknesses (D) of the spacers (30) of a first pipe bundle gap (200) each being greater than the thicknesses (D) of the spacers of a second pipe bundle gap (203), which lies further to the outside in the radial direction (R) of the pipe bundle (15) than the first pipe bundle gap (200).

A method for transfer of heat between a first and a second fluid, wherein the first and the second fluid circulate respectively on both sides of a thermally conductive wall of a monobloc assembly formed in a single piece. The monobloc assembly, which is arranged in the interior of a device, includes: a first, three-dimensional, cellular, thermally conductive structure through which the first fluid can pass; at least the thermally conductive wall; and a second, three-dimensional, cellular, thermally conductive structure through which the second fluid can pass. The first and second three-dimensional, cellular structures are situated on both sides of and integral with the wall such that heat transfer is carried out from the first to the second fluid through the wall, and both first and second fluids are under liquid phases and under gaseous phases, with the liquid phases circulating in a direction opposite that of the gaseous phases.

A miniature Joule-Thomson cryocooler operating at liquid helium temperatures includes an integral structure formed by welding at least three base plates sequentially superposed, an outermost base plate in the at least three base plates is configured as a cover plate and configured to seal the rest of the at least three base plates, the rest of the at least three base plates is configured as a first-stage cooling circulator, a second-stage cooling circulator and a third-stage cooling circulator respectively, the first-stage cooling circulator, the second-stage cooling circulator and the third-stage cooling circulator have a first-stage working fluid, a second-stage working fluid and a third-stage working fluid respectively, the first-stage cooling circulator is configured to precool the second-stage working fluid and the third-stage working fluid through the first-stage working fluid, and the second-stage cooling circulator is configured to precool the third-stage working fluid through the second-stage working fluid.

A method of managing transient thermal stresses in a wall of a fluid-carrying or fluid-containing structure, the structure having a temperature ramp rate limit associated with its structure walls. The structure is provided with flow passages in the structure walls, and the temperature of the structure walls is monitored. If a rate of change of temperature of the structure walls becomes too high, fluid is circulated through the flow passages to heat or cool the structure wall during hot or cold transient thermal events, respectively.

A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising: a mechanical refrigerator, a heat pipe and a heat switch assembly. The mechanical refrigerator has a first cooled stage and a second cooled stage. The heat pipe has a first part coupled thermally to the second cooled stage and a second part coupled thermally to a target assembly. The heat pipe is adapted to contain a condensable gaseous coolant when in use. The heat switch assembly comprises one or more gas gap heat switches, a first end coupled thermally to the second cooled stage and a second end coupled thermally to the target assembly. The cryogenic cooling system is adapted to be operated in a heat pipe cooling mode in which the temperature of the second cooled stage is lower than the first cooled stage and wherein the temperature of the target assembly causes the coolant within the second part of the heat pipe to be gaseous and the temperature of the second cooled stage causes the coolant in the first part of the heat pipe to condense. The target assembly is cooled by the movement of the condensed liquid coolant from the first part of the heat pipe to the second part of the heat pipe during the heat pipe cooling mode. The cryogenic cooling system is further adapted to be operated in a gas gap cooling mode in which the temperature of the second cooled stage causes freezing of the coolant. The heat switch assembly is adapted to provide cooling from the second cooled stage to the target assembly during the gas gap cooling mode via the one or more gas gap heat switches.

A turbine engine has: a compressor; a combustor; a turbine; a gaspath passing downstream from the compressor through the combustor and then through the turbine; a fuel source; a fuel flowpath from the fuel source to the combustor; and a heat exchanger for transferring heat from the gaspath to the fuel flowpath The heat exchanger has: an inner wall in heat transfer relation with the gaspath; an outer wall; tubes between the inner wall and the outer wall bounding respective segments of the fuel flowpath; and a heat transfer fluid between the inner wall and the outer wall and in heat transfer relation with the tubes and the inner wall.

Disclosed herein is a BOG reliquefaction method for LNG ships. The BOG reliquefaction method for LNG ships includes: 1) compressing BOG; 2) cooling the BOG compressed in Step 1) through heat exchange between the compressed BOG and a refrigerant using a heat exchanger; 3) expanding the BOG cooled in Step 2); and 4) stably maintaining reliquefaction performance regardless of change in flow rate of the BOG compressed in Step 1) and supplied to the heat exchanger to be used as a reliquefaction target.

A carbon dioxide distribution system and carbon dioxide subcooler useable within such a system are disclosed. The carbon dioxide subcooler includes an insulated enclosure forming an interior volume, the insulated enclosure having a supply inlet, a supply outlet, and a cooling inlet in fluidic communication with the interior volume. The carbon dioxide subcooler further includes a coil supply tube positioned within the interior volume, the coil supply tube being fluidically connected between the supply inlet and the supply outlet.

A probe and method of using a probe are disclosed. The probe may comprise a first member, a tip, a second member, and a third member. The first member may have a first and second end portions. The tip may be configured to engaged to the first member at the second end portion. The second member may be configured to extend and be positioned within the first member. The third member may be configured to be disposed outward of the second member along at least a portion of the second member, engage an inner surface of the first member, and define to least one passage between the third member and the first member. The probe may be coupled to a fluid supply and return, and fluid may flow within the probe, including within the passage defined between the first and third members.