A sheet material is for heat exchange between a first and a second fluid, thus inducing a phase change in the fluids. The sheet material is folded to form a plurality of slits, which slits constitute the flow paths of the fluids. The slits for the first fluid, through at least one seal, are closed, and the slits for the second fluid, through at least one seal, are fully or partly open for fluid outflow.

A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure.

A shell and tube heat exchanger has elongated shell having first and second opposing ends and an open interior. A core divides the open interior of the shell into first and second enclosed portions. The shell has first and second tube fluid openings at opposing ends. End plates divide the first and second enclosed portions into manifold portions and enclosed shell chamber portions. Tubes extend from the end plates, through the enclosed shell chambers to the core. Shell fluid openings are at sides of the elongated shell, a first fluid opening communicating with the first shell chamber, and a second fluid opening communicating with the second shell chamber. The shell has a long axis, and the end plates are angled relative to the long axis. The tubes are polygonal with rounded corners and straight sides. The heat exchanger can be used for both evaporation and condensation processes.

A laser weapon system is described. Particularly, embodiments describe subsystems of a laser weapon system including those necessary for laser generation, operational control, optical emission, and heat dissipation configured to provide a lightweight unit of reduced dimensions.

The present invention relates drying clothes and other fabrics. The present invention further relates to a cold-air system for removing moisture from fabric. The present invention even further relates to a system for drying fabrics in a closed, non-exhausted system. The present invention even further relates to a free-standing, low energy appliance for drying fabrics.

A heat exchanger 100, including: an inner cylinder 10 through which a first fluid can flow, the inner cylinder 10 being configured to house a heat recovery member 30; and an outer cylinder 20 disposed so as to be spaced on a radially outer side of the inner cylinder 10 such that a second fluid can flow between the outer cylinder 20 and the inner cylinder 10. In the heat exchanger 100, at least a part of the outer cylinder 20 and/or the inner cylinder 10 has at least one continuous irregular structure 40.

A laser weapon system is described. Particularly, embodiments describe subsystems of a laser weapon system including those necessary for laser generation, operational control, optical emission, and heat dissipation configured to provide a lightweight unit of reduced dimensions.

A vertical ground heat exchanger for reducing the temperature in the carbonaceous shale rock mass and preventing roadbed frost heave includes a heating mechanism, a heat releasing component respectively connected to both ends of the heating mechanism and a refrigeration heat exchange mechanism. The refrigeration heat exchange mechanism is connected to the lower end of the heating mechanism through a heat transfer pipeline and communicates with the heat releasing component. The heat releasing component includes a double-layer heat exchange tube component, a gas-liquid separator and a branch tube, wherein the double-layer heat exchange tube component is respectively connected to the both ends of the heating mechanism, the gas-liquid separator is connected to the double-layer heat exchange tube component, and the branch tube is connected between the gas-liquid separator and the refrigeration heat exchange mechanism. The double-layer heat exchange tube component includes an upper bellows and a lower bellows.

Shell-and-tube strippers for stripping a urea/carbamate mixture, related systems, methods, and uses. The stripper includes shell and a plurality of tubes disposed within the shell. Baffles and deflectors offer improved homogeneity of heating fluid flow in the stripper's shell-side space.

Disclosed are devices and systems for self-cleaning deep HVAC coils with built-in self-cleaning mechanisms and enhanced heat transfer, and methods of cleaning thereof. For example, some embodiments of a deep HVAC coil include a series of built-in self-cleaning mechanisms disposed among an array of heat transfer coils. Depending on the size and depth of the deep HVAC coil, the number of self-cleaning mechanisms may vary. The disposition and installation of self-cleaning mechanisms in the deep coil HVAC is configured to provide an even distribution and injection of a desired cleaning solution or foam which sufficiently covers an internal surface area of the deep HVAC coils and sufficiently fills an internal volume of the deep HVAC coils.