The heat exchanger (HE) has a first stage and a second stage (E1, E2) which are seated and affixed in a connecting block seated and affixed to the engine (M). The first stage (E1) is provided with a fuel inlet nozzle and a fuel outlet nozzle which are connected to the supply of fuel to the engine (M), and the connecting block defines: a return conduit, communicating an outlet of a cooling water circuit of the engine (M) with a water inlet in the first stage (E1); an interconnecting conduit communicating a water outlet of the first stage (E1) with a water inlet of the second stage (E2); an outlet conduit communicating a water outlet of the second stage (E2) with an inlet of a water radiator having an outlet; and two oil conduits, communicating a lubricant oil circuit of the engine (M) with the second stage (E2).

The present invention provides a vehicle (100) comprising: a body (4) having a skin; a heat source (12); and a thermal management system. The thermal management system comprises: a heat pipe (14) comprising: an evaporator end (close to 12) and a condenser end (close to heat exchanger 22a, 22b); a vapour arranged to flow from the evaporator end to the condenser end; and a working fluid arranged to flow from the condenser end to the evaporator end, wherein the heat pipe (14) is arranged such that the evaporator end is arranged in proximity to the heat source to absorb heat from the heat source; and one or more heat exchangers arranged in proximity to the condenser end and integrated with the skin. The present invention also provides a method of managing temperature in a vehicle.

A heat exchanger (10) for arrangement inside a service-liquid tank (12), in particular inside a motor-vehicle service-liquid tank (12), comprising: a heat-exchanger liquid reservoir (14) for receiving a supply of liquid (22), an electric heating device (20) which is constructed and arranged for the transfer of heat into the heat-exchanger liquid reservoir (14), and a heat-exchanger line (24) which originates at least from the heat-exchanger liquid reservoir (14) and which is designed for the transfer of heat from the liquid flowing in the heat-exchanger line (24) to an area (26) outside the heat-exchanger line (24), characterized in that the heat-exchanger line (24), as a circulation line, discharges into the heat-exchanger liquid reservoir (14).

Provided is a fuel cell system including a fuel cell, a radiator that is provided in a circulation path of coolant that cools the fuel cell, a spray unit that sprays, toward the radiator, generated water that has been generated in and discharged from the fuel cell, and a heating unit that is provided in a supply path of the generated water from the fuel cell to the spray unit and heats the generated water.

A heat exchanger includes: a hollow pillar shaped honeycomb structure; a first cylindrical member fitted to a surface of an outer peripheral wall of the pillar shaped honeycomb structure; a second cylindrical member fitted to a surface of an inner peripheral wall of the pillar shaped honeycomb structure; a cylindrical guide member having a portion, the portion being disposed on a radially inner side of the second cylindrical member with a distance so as to form the flow path for the first fluid; an upstream cylindrical member connecting an upstream end of the first cylindrical member to an upstream side of the guide member; and a downstream cylindrical member connected to a downstream end of the first cylindrical member. The guide member includes an inclined portion that inclines to its downstream side.

This disclosure relates generally to thermal management fluids. This disclosure relates more particularly to a dielectric thermal management fluid suitable for use managing heat in battery systems, methods of using such thermal management fluids, and systems including such thermal management systems.

A flow path member for a heat exchanger includes: an inner cylinder capable of housing a heat recovery member through which a first fluid can flow; an outer cylinder having a feed port capable of feeding a second fluid and a discharge port capable of discharging the second fluid, the outer cylinder being disposed so as to be spaced on a radially outer side of the inner cylinder such that a flow path for the second fluid is formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder; a feed pipe connected to the feed port; and a discharge pipe connected to the discharge port. The feed port and the discharge port are provided so as to be located in a distance of less than half the circumference of the outer cylinder in a circumferential direction.

A method for at least partially removing a contamination layer (24) from an optical surface (14a) of an optical element (14) that reflects EUV radiation includes: performing an atomic layer etching process for at least partially removing the contamination layer (24) from the optical surface (14a), which, in turn, includes: exposing the contamination layer (24) to a surface-modifying reactant (44) in a surface modification step, and exposing the contamination layer (24) to a material-detaching reactant (45) in a material detachment step. The optical element (14) is typically taken, before the atomic layer etching process is performed, from an optical arrangement, in particular from an EUV lithography system, in which the optical surface (14a) of the optical element (14) is exposed to EUV radiation (6), during which the contamination layer (24) is formed.

A heat exchanger is provided with a unitary, single-piece structure that can be formed via 3D printing, for example. The heat exchanger includes a main body defining a first fluid inlet port, a first fluid outlet port, a second fluid inlet port, and a second fluid outlet port, wherein each of these fluid ports are integrally formed with the main body. A plurality of plates are stacked and integrally formed with the body. First fluid channels are defined by gaps in the material of the main body and are in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet port. Second fluid channels are defined by gaps in the material of the main body and are in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet port. The first fluid channels and the second fluid channels are interposed between the plates in alternating fashion along the stacked arrangement.

A method for producing a tube arrangement (1) for the transport of tempering medium, in which base body sections (6, 7) are provided, which have congruently configured separating surfaces (8), wherein at least one functional element (3) on at least one base body section (6, 7) is arranged in such a way that it can be in contact with the tempering medium, whereafter the base body sections (6, 7) are joined along the separating surface (8) and bonded to one another to form the tube arrangement (1).