A radiator includes a tube that has a flattened-shape, the tube including an internal flow channel that allows a coolant to flow through the internal flow channel; and a tank that includes an insertion port into which a joint end portion of the tube is inserted so that the tank and the tube are joined to each other, wherein the tube includes an outer-peripheral-wall extending in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the tube, and bend depressions that are bent toward the internal flow channel in a concave shape are formed in at least a region of the outer-peripheral-wall adjacent to the joint end portion, the bend depressions extending along the internal flow channel, and the bend depressions are deformed in a width direction of the tube so that the width of the joint end portion is the same as the width of the insertion port.

A planar heat pipe includes a container having a hollow portion provided at a central portion thereof with two opposing plate-shaped bodies, and a working fluid enclosed in the hollow portion. The hollow portion is provided with a wick structure. At least one of the plate-shaped bodies is a composite member of two or more types of metal members that are laminated and integrated. A metal member of the composite member forming a layer that contacts the hollow portion has a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to 200 W/m.Math.K and a metal member of the composite member forming a layer that contacts an exterior has a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 100 W/m.Math.K, a peripheral portion of the hollow portion being sealed.

A planar heat pipe includes a container having a hollow portion provided at a central portion thereof with two opposing plate-shaped bodies, and a working fluid enclosed in the hollow portion. The hollow portion is provided with a wick structure. At least one of the plate-shaped bodies is a composite member of two or more types of metal members that are laminated and integrated. A metal member of the composite member forming a layer that contacts the hollow portion has a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to 200 W/m.Math.K and a metal member of the composite member forming a layer that contacts an exterior has a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 100 W/m.Math.K, a peripheral portion of the hollow portion being sealed.

A polymer tube dry cooling tower designed to operate with internal fluid at or near atmospheric pressure.

A polymer tube dry cooling tower designed to operate with internal fluid at or near atmospheric pressure.

A cooler includes: a bent flow path that is in thermal contact with a heating body, bends a flow direction of a refrigerant; and a dividing fin that divides the bent flow path into two or more divided paths in a curvature radial direction. A width of each of the divided paths in the curvature radial direction of the bent flow path is constant along the dividing fin. Inner curvature radii of the divided paths are substantially equal to each other, and outer curvature radii of the divided paths are substantially equal to each other. A thickness of the dividing fin in a center portion of the bent flow path in the curvature radial direction is thicker than a thickness of the dividing fin in an upstream portion and a downstream portion of the bent flow path in the curvature radial direction.

A cooler includes: a bent flow path that is in thermal contact with a heating body, bends a flow direction of a refrigerant; and a dividing fin that divides the bent flow path into two or more divided paths in a curvature radial direction. A width of each of the divided paths in the curvature radial direction of the bent flow path is constant along the dividing fin. Inner curvature radii of the divided paths are substantially equal to each other, and outer curvature radii of the divided paths are substantially equal to each other. A thickness of the dividing fin in a center portion of the bent flow path in the curvature radial direction is thicker than a thickness of the dividing fin in an upstream portion and a downstream portion of the bent flow path in the curvature radial direction.

Incremental dehumidification of a volume of air in an indirect evaporative cooler. Dehumidification processes are incorporated with the cooling processes, such that within each circuit a volume of air follows through the indirect evaporative cooler and includes dehumidification as well as cooling of the volume of air. Subsequent circuits of the volume of air, which commence at a lower starting temperature than the prior circuit, result in further dehumidification of the air.

Water temperature conservation for increasing efficiency of an indirect evaporative cooling apparatus. A heat exchanger of the indirect evaporative cooling apparatus includes a dry passage separated from a wet passage by a membrane, the dry passage including an intake portion, an outlet portion, and a loop portion. Water captured from condensation during a dehumidification process can be stored and/or used to wet the wet passage of the heat exchanger to enhance evaporative function. Stored water can be maintained at a relatively lower temperature than the environment, helping to maintain a lower internal apparatus temperature and to further cool circulating air.

Water temperature conservation for increasing efficiency of an indirect evaporative cooling apparatus. A heat exchanger of the indirect evaporative cooling apparatus includes a dry passage separated from a wet passage by a membrane, the dry passage including an intake portion, an outlet portion, and a loop portion. Water captured from condensation during a dehumidification process can be stored and/or used to wet the wet passage of the heat exchanger to enhance evaporative function. Stored water can be maintained at a relatively lower temperature than the environment, helping to maintain a lower internal apparatus temperature and to further cool circulating air.