A heat dissipation module including a heat dissipation portion, a working fluid, and a buffer member is provided. The heat dissipation portion has a containing portion, the working fluid is contained in the containing portion, and the buffer member is connected to the containing portion. When the working fluid is heated, the buffer member is expanded to maintain a constant pressure within the containing portion.

Disclosed herein is a hydrophilic coating that includes an adhesive agent; an insolubilizer for insolubilizing the adhesive agent; titanium dioxide; and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of silver oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, and combinations thereof. The hydrophilic coating is useful on the heat transfer surfaces of a condensing heat exchanger.

A drug-containing capsule (20, 30, 40) includes a capsule material (21, 31, 41) and a drug (22, 32, 42) disposed within the capsule material (21, 31, 41) and having a sterilization action for a specific microorganism. The capsule material (21, 31, 41) includes a degradable part (21a, 31a, 41a) formed of a raw material that is caused to biodegrade by the specific microorganism. This results in suppression of release of the drug while the specific microorganism does not proliferate.

Generally, management of refrigerant in an evaporator of an HVAC chiller is described. Methods, systems, and apparatuses to manage refrigerant in an evaporator can include one or combination of the following approaches: (1) by use a refrigerant displacement array to physically prevent refrigerant from residing where the array is positioned; (2) by control of the interstitial velocity of refrigerant flow within the volume of the shell of an evaporator; (3) by a phase biased distribution of the refrigerant mixture, so that a gaseous portion is uniformly distributed into the evaporator shell, while liquid refrigerant and oil is distributed into the evaporator shell at a designated area; and (4) by preventing or reducing the occurrence of foaming inside the evaporator through anti-foaming surfaces, such as by the use of refrigerant phobic and lubricant phobic material(s). Refrigerant management can in turn improve the thermal performance and overall efficiency of the evaporator.

Heat exchange structure. A hydrophilic, thermally conductive porous medium includes nanostructures formed substantially uniformly throughout the porous medium providing a balance of capillary and viscous forces to self-regulate a liquid-vapor contact line. A suitable porous medium is copper. A method for making the structure is also disclosed.

A defrosting system for defrosting an evaporator assembly is disclosed. The system includes the evaporator assembly, an electrically resistive coating having an electrically insulative matrix and a conductive doping agent disposed on at least one surface of the evaporator assembly, and a plurality of electrical terminals arranged and disposed to supply electricity to the electrically resistive coating. A method for defrosting an evaporator assembly and a coating for heating evaporator assemblies are also disclosed.

Heat exchange structure. A hydrophilic, thermally conductive porous medium includes nanostructures formed substantially uniformly throughout the porous medium providing a balance of capillary and viscous forces to self-regulate a liquid-vapor contact line. A suitable porous medium is copper. A method for making the structure is also disclosed.

An absorber for an absorption refrigeration system for a vertically mounted plate absorber has fins positioned over the plate to promote distribution of a fluid under flow as a nearly continuous thin film. The absorber has rows of fins that are evenly spaced with the fins occupying a portion of the active width of the plate with adjacent rows offset by the width of the plate. A combined evaporator-absorber module is constructed with the absorbing face of the absorber parallel with an evaporating surface of an evaporator where absorber solution and refrigerant fall as parallel falling sheets of liquid. The absorber is covered with a porous hydrophobic membrane to isolate the falling absorber solution from the falling liquid refrigerant.

A heat exchanger of the present disclosure is operated in a cooling operation mode in which a region to be heat-exchanged is cooled by the heat exchanger or in a drying operation mode in which the heat exchanger is supplied with wind from a blowing fan, and comprises: a refrigerant pipe which forms a flow path of a refrigerant; a cooling fin which is coupled to the refrigerant pipe; and a hydrophilic coating with which the surface of at least one of the refrigerant pipe and the cooling fin is coated, wherein the hydrophilic coating contains: a first type transition metal oxide which becomes acidic by reacting with water formed on the refrigerant pipe or the cooling fin, so as to have antimicrobial activity when the heat exchanger is operated in the cooling operation mode; and a second type transition metal oxide or a post transition metal oxide which has antimicrobial activity when the heat exchanger is operated in the drying operation mode.

At least one of a heat-driven power generation system, an HVAC system, a system requiring heat rejection from its working fluid, and any object where cooling is advantageous where the portion of at least one of the exterior working fluid containment tubing and the exterior surface area exposed to air that is used for heat rejection is coated with a special coating designed to enhance heat rejection to the exterior air and/or space with minimal interference from air molecules in the earth's atmosphere.