A cap apparatus includes a cap body and a valve body. The valve body includes an upper portion, a lower portion, and a stem intermediately disposed between the upper portion and the lower portion, the valve body including a bore formed therein having concentric alignment to and traversing the upper portion and the stem, and the valve body including a perforation formed therein having concentric alignment to and traversing the stem and the lower portion. The perforation forms a substantially impermeable seal within the valve body. The cap body includes an aperture in coaxial alignment with the bore and the perforation. The inner surface of the cap body includes multiple internal threads.

A cap apparatus includes a cap body and a valve body. The valve body includes an upper portion, a lower portion, and a stem intermediately disposed between the upper portion and the lower portion, the valve body including a bore formed therein having concentric alignment to and traversing the upper portion and the stem, and the valve body including a perforation formed therein having concentric alignment to and traversing the stem and the lower portion. The perforation forms a substantially impermeable seal within the valve body. The cap body includes an aperture in coaxial alignment with the bore and the perforation. The inner surface of the cap body includes multiple internal threads.

A concealed amalgamated neutralizer covertly combines neutralizer material comprised of various combinations of inert materials such as calcium carbonate or silicates with common explosive material for the prevention of malicious use of the explosive material in improvised explosive devices. The concealed amalgamated neutralizer device may vary in shape, size, and color and is therefore adaptable to varying methods of containment typified by common pyrotechnic products. The neutralizer material mimics the explosive material of the pyrotechnic products without detection. Upon disassembly of a concealed amalgamated neutralizer device, the neutralizer material is mixed with and neutralizes the explosive material rendering the explosive material useless as a component for an improvised explosive device.

A concealed amalgamated neutralizer covertly combines neutralizer material comprised of various combinations of inert materials such as calcium carbonate or silicates with common explosive material for the prevention of malicious use of the explosive material in improvised explosive devices. The concealed amalgamated neutralizer device may vary in shape, size, and color and is therefore adaptable to varying methods of containment typified by common pyrotechnic products. The neutralizer material mimics the explosive material of the pyrotechnic products without detection. Upon disassembly of a concealed amalgamated neutralizer device, the neutralizer material is mixed with and neutralizes the explosive material rendering the explosive material useless as a component for an improvised explosive device.

The use of exploding targets has become a popular practice aid in the military, law enforcement and consumer levels. The inventor has conceived and reduced to practice, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a safe explosive target formulation that is initiated by low-velocity impact. This formulation represents a binary explosive in that the fuel and oxidizer are packaged separately until directly prior to use. Safe, explosive targets for high velocity applications are common. A formulation for low velocity projectile applications which employs an aluminum/magnesium alloy fuel and a potassium perchlorate/ammonium nitrate oxidizer is described.

The use of exploding targets has become a popular practice aid in the military, law enforcement and consumer levels. The inventor has conceived and reduced to practice, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a safe explosive target formulation that is initiated by low-velocity impact. This formulation represents a binary explosive in that the fuel and oxidizer are packaged separately until directly prior to use. Safe, explosive targets for high velocity applications are common. A formulation for low velocity projectile applications which employs an aluminum/magnesium alloy fuel and a potassium perchlorate/ammonium nitrate oxidizer is described.

A closure for a plastic drinks bottle or the like to form a shooting target. The closure includes a cap adapted to be screwed onto the neck of the bottle and a valve unit arranged to extend through the top of the cap. The valve unit includes a valve to retain air under pressure within the bottle and a radially extending flange that sits against the underside of the top of the cap to retain the valve unit to the cap.

A closure for a plastic drinks bottle or the like to form a shooting target. The closure includes a cap adapted to be screwed onto the neck of the bottle and a valve unit arranged to extend through the top of the cap. The valve unit includes a valve to retain air under pressure within the bottle and a radially extending flange that sits against the underside of the top of the cap to retain the valve unit to the cap.

A reactive target for use in target practice with a firearm is configured to, when hit by a projectile, such as a bullet, from a firearm with sufficient force, disperse a material in a manner that provides a visible report of the shooter's results from close up or from a long distance and directly and immediately to the shooter. The reactive target includes an inner container that carries a non-compressible material and an outer container that carries the inner container and a dispersible material, which may be a compressible material. The reactive target is particularly useful with high velocity, high impact force firearms. Methods for making the reactive target and methods of target practice using the reactive target are also disclosed.

A reactive target for use in target practice with a firearm is configured to, when hit by a projectile, such as a bullet, from a firearm with sufficient force, disperse a material in a manner that provides a visible report of the shooter's results from close up or from a long distance and directly and immediately to the shooter. The reactive target includes an inner container that carries a non-compressible material and an outer container that carries the inner container and a dispersible material, which may be a compressible material. The reactive target is particularly useful with high velocity, high impact force firearms. Methods for making the reactive target and methods of target practice using the reactive target are also disclosed.