A device is disclosed herein for treating a barrel of a gun using a round of ammunition, where the gun barrel has a first chamber at a first end and a muzzle at a second end, and where the round of ammunition comprises a projectile, a primer, a propellant charge (propellant), and a case, where the case holds the projectile, primer, and propellant, and where the round of ammunition contains one or more chemicals that is applied to treat the gun barrel once fired, and where treating the gun barrel is comprised of at least one element of a set comprising cleaning the gun barrel, lubricating the gun barrel, cooling the gun barrel, applying steam to the gun barrel, and annealing the gun barrel.