A gas expander includes: a casing where a swirl chamber for a gas to be expanded is formed; a turbine wheel that is housed in the casing and rotationally driven by the expanded gas; a diffuser that is mounted to the casing in a direction of a rotating shaft of the turbine wheel and includes a flow path for the expanded gas to flow in the direction of the rotating shaft; a swirl stopper that is disposed in the diffuser, faces a downstream front end surface of a boss of the turbine wheel that faces the flow path, and includes a closed swirl stopping surface that is disposed to face the downstream front end surface of the boss with a gap between the closed swirl stopping surface and the downstream front end surface; and a swirl preventing plate that circumferentially partition the flow path in the diffuser.

A portable system is disclosed for collecting a sample from exhaled breath of a subject. Drug substance in the exhaled breath are detected or determined. The sample is collected for further analysis using mass-spectroscopy. The system comprises a sampling unit and a housing arranged to hold the sampling unit, the sampling unit is adapted to collect non-volatile and volatile compounds of the at least one drug substance from the exhaled breath from the subject. The housing has at least one inlet for the subject to exhale into the housing to the sampling unit and at least one outlet for the exhaled breath to exit through.

A portable system is disclosed for collecting a sample from exhaled breath of a subject. Drug substance in the exhaled breath are detected or determined. The sample is collected for further analysis using mass-spectroscopy. The system comprises a sampling unit and a housing arranged to hold the sampling unit, the sampling unit is adapted to collect non-volatile and volatile compounds of the at least one drug substance from the exhaled breath from the subject. The housing has at least one inlet for the subject to exhale into the housing to the sampling unit and at least one outlet for the exhaled breath to exit through.

A turbine engine system includes a fire chamber and a helical fan. The fire chamber includes a first cylindrical body having a first central axis; a first elongated hollow shaft extending co-axially along the first central axis; a plurality of wings fixedly secured to an exhaust plate and the first elongated hollow shaft; a plurality of combustion chambers disposed within a thickness of the first cylindrical body; a plurality of fuel injectors; and a plurality of spark plug injectors. The helical fan includes a cylindrical body having a second central axis; a second elongated hollow shaft extending co-axially along the central axis and in gaseous communication with the first elongated hollow shaft; and a plurality of blades extending from an inner wall of the cylindrical body to an outer surface of the elongated hollow shaft.

A portable system (10) is disclosed for collecting a sample from exhaled breath of a subject. Drug substance in the exhaled breath are detected or determined. The sample is collected for further analysis using mass-spectroscopy. The system comprises a sampling unit (14) and a housing (12) arranged to hold the sampling unit (14), the sampling unit (14) is adapted to collect non-volatile and volatile compounds of the at least one drug substance from the exhaled breath from the subject. The housing (12) has at least one inlet (15) for the subject to exhale into the housing (12) to the sampling unit (14) and at least one outlet (16) for the exhaled breath to exit through.

The combined radial-axial turboexpander (1) comprises a casing (3) and a shaft (5) arranged in the casing (3) for rotation therein. A radial impeller (25) and an axial expansion wheel (43) are mounted on the shaft (5). The axial expansion wheel (43) is arranged downstream of the radial impeller (25). A working fluid expands sequentially in the radial impeller and in the axial expansion wheel.

The combined radial-axial turboexpander (1) comprises a casing (3) and a shaft (5) arranged in the casing (3) for rotation therein. A radial impeller (25) and an axial expansion wheel (43) are mounted on the shaft (5). The axial expansion wheel (43) is arranged downstream of the radial impeller (25). A working fluid expands sequentially in the radial impeller and in the axial expansion wheel.

A multi-stage turboexpander and a method for generating mechanical power therewith are disclosed. The multi-stage turboexpander includes a casing and a shaft, arranged for rotation in the casing. The shaft is supported by a first bearing at a first shaft end portion and a second bearing at a second shaft end portion. A first radial impeller and a second radial impeller are arranged between the first bearing and the second bearing on the shaft for co-rotation therewith around a rotation axis.

A multi-stage turboexpander and a method for generating mechanical power therewith are disclosed. The multi-stage turboexpander includes a casing and a shaft, arranged for rotation in the casing. The shaft is supported by a first bearing at a first shaft end portion and a second bearing at a second shaft end portion. A first radial impeller and a second radial impeller are arranged between the first bearing and the second bearing on the shaft for co-rotation therewith around a rotation axis.

A turbocharger gas casing includes a scroll part forming a plurality of scroll passages at a same position in an axial direction of the turbine. The plurality of scroll passages include a first scroll passage. The first scroll passage is configured so that an extension line of a line segment connecting a farthest position from a rotational axis of the turbine at an inlet for an exhaust gas of the first scroll passage and a position of a tip of a tongue part formed on an inner peripheral side of the first scroll passage does not intersect a rotor blade of the turbine in a cross section of the turbine orthogonal to the axial direction.