An internal combustion engine includes a hollow cylinder, a piston within the hollow cylinder, and a cylinder head. A base valve assembly at a base of the hollow cylinder permits or restricts fluid flow from an intake manifold into a sub-chamber below the piston. The piston includes at least one intake port connecting a combustion chamber above the piston with the sub-chamber, and a transfer valve that opens and closes the at least one intake port. When the transfer valve opens the at least one intake port, fluid is permitted to flow from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine operates according to a four-stroke piston cycle, wherein multiple intake stages are provided. The intake stages may include intake of air into the sub-chamber during a compression stroke, transfer of air from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during a power stroke, intake of air-fuel mixture into the sub-chamber during an exhaust stroke, and transfer of air-fuel mixture from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during an intake stroke.

An internal combustion engine includes a hollow cylinder, a piston within the hollow cylinder, and a cylinder head. A base valve assembly at a base of the hollow cylinder permits or restricts fluid flow from an intake manifold into a sub-chamber below the piston. The piston includes at least one intake port connecting a combustion chamber above the piston with the sub-chamber, and a transfer valve that opens and closes the at least one intake port. When the transfer valve opens the at least one intake port, fluid is permitted to flow from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine operates according to a four-stroke piston cycle, wherein multiple intake stages are provided. The intake stages may include intake of air into the sub-chamber during a compression stroke, transfer of air from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during a power stroke, intake of air-fuel mixture into the sub-chamber during an exhaust stroke, and transfer of air-fuel mixture from the sub-chamber to the combustion chamber during an intake stroke.

A high efficiency uniflow steam engine having automatic poppet valves yieldably based by fluid such as steam held under pressure within a cavity in the engine and a cutoff control for closing a steam inlet valve at any time selected stops the flow of steam into the cylinder. Proximate the end of the exhaust stroke, around 0.12 inch before TDC the cylinder is sealed to thereby compress residual steam as the piston clearance approaches zero; typically, 0.020 inch which raises cylinder pressure enough to open an inlet valve without making physical contact to push the inlet valve open with the piston thereby eliminating a tappet type of noise, shock and wear.

A fuel injection control device includes an additional energization unit. Concerning an undershoot state caused by a first energization for fuel injection, a return period is an estimated period required for a movable core to return to an initial position from a first energization. An injection interval ranges from the first energization to a second energization that is for a next fuel injection. An allowable period is obtained by subtracting a rise period estimated for the second energization from the return period. The additional energization unit adds an additional energization between the first energization and the second energization when the injection interval is longer than or equal to the allowable period and is shorter than or equal to the return period.

A head assembly for an internal combustion engine includes an electromagnetic valve actuation system. The head has an intake or exhaust passage defined therein. A valve is disposed in the passage and is operable to selectively open and close the passage. The head has a cooling passage defined therein for passage of a cooling fluid. An electromagnetic actuator has a piston in mechanical communication with the valve and a coil in fluid communication with the cooling passage. The electromagnetic actuator is operable to move the valve between a closed and an open position.

Provided is a metering plate for a poppet-style valve in which the metering plate includes a peripheral edge structure that reduces the impact of edge variation as a result of typical manufacturing tolerances. The peripheral edge structure is located at the sealing surface and extends from the peripheral surface of the metering plate so as to avoid a sharp edge at the outer diameter of the metering plate. In embodiments, the peripheral edge structure is a chamfered surface or a curved surface. Small dimensional deviations from these surfaces resulting from typical manufacturing tolerances do not have a significant effect on the discharge coefficient of the metering plate. In this way, the discharge coefficients of poppet-style valves across a fluid admission system are contained in a much tighter range, thereby enhancing the efficiency of and control over the fluid admission system.

A linear motor actuated valve assembly in which a linear motor enables electrical actuation and control of intake and exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine.

Provided is a metering plate for a poppet-style valve in which the metering plate includes a peripheral edge structure that reduces the impact of edge variation as a result of typical manufacturing tolerances. The peripheral edge structure is located at the sealing surface and extends from the peripheral surface of the metering plate so as to avoid a sharp edge at the outer diameter of the metering plate. In embodiments, the peripheral edge structure is a chamfered surface or a curved surface. Small dimensional deviations from these surfaces resulting from typical manufacturing tolerances do not have a significant effect on the discharge coefficient of the metering plate. In this way, the discharge coefficients of poppet-style valves across a fluid admission system are contained in a much tighter range, thereby enhancing the efficiency of and control over the fluid admission system.

A simple attachment structure with a minimized piece-part count, allowing easy grounding connection of the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve includes a body section with a built-in electromagnetic coil and a shaft-shaped valve section continued coaxially to the body section. An insertion hole for inserting the valve section in the control body is formed to the control body. The control body includes a locking mechanism composed of a locking piece with elasticity connected to a ground terminal of the electromagnetic coil and projecting out from an outer periphery of the body section and a concave portion provided on an upper surface of the control body. By inserting the valve section into the insertion hole, the locking piece elastically engages with the engaged part to lock the solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is grounded through a contact between the locking piece and the engaged portion.

A system (42) including a phaser (28), a motor (38), and a controller (40) for controlling the phase between a camshaft (18) and a crankshaft (16) of an engine (10). The phaser (28) is attached to the camshaft (18), is in communication with the crankshaft (16), and is configured to adjust the phase of the camshaft (18). The motor (38) actuates the phaser (28) and is operatively attached to and in communication with the phaser (28) such that rotation of the crankshaft (16) back-drives the motor (38) to subsequently generate a signal. The controller (40) is in electrical communication with the motor (38), is responsive to the signal, and uses the signal to determine the rotational speed of the motor (38) to thereby commutate the motor (38) and subsequently drive the motor (38) so as to actuate the phaser (28) and control the phase of the camshaft (18).