A method for operating a nitrogen oxide sensor comprising: sensing a first measurement signal of the nitrogen oxide sensor, the first measurement signal representing a detected voltage between a reference electrode and an external electrode; sensing a second measurement signal representing a measured gas content in a measuring chamber of the nitrogen oxide sensor; comparing the first measurement signal with a predefined first threshold value; and if the first threshold value is exceeded, assigning the second measurement signal to an emission of NH3.

An internal combustion engine-based system includes an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes an engine interrupt connected to the engine. The engine interrupt is configured to selectively stop the operation of the engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a controller in communication with the engine interrupt. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a carbon monoxide detector in communication with the controller. The controller uses the engine interrupt to stop the operation of the engine when the carbon monoxide detector provides the controller with signals that are representative of a carbon monoxide level proximate the internal combustion engine that together form a trend of building carbon monoxide amounts over a set time interval.

A method for ascertaining emissions of a motor vehicle driven with the aid of an internal combustion engine in a practical driving operation. A machine learning system is trained to generate time curves of the operating variables with the aid of measured time curves of operating variables of the motor vehicle and/or of the internal combustion engine, and to then ascertain the emissions as a function of these generated time curves.

A process for manufacturing an exhaust system, especially for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, includes providing an exhaust gas-guiding component (26) with a wall (38) made of a metallic material and providing a sensor-mounting connector (22), to be fixed at the wall. The sensor-mounting connector includes a sensor-mounting area (28) to be positioned outside the exhaust gas-guiding component, and a connection area (34), which is to be positioned such that the connection area meshes with the wall. The connection area is pressed against an outer surface (40) of the wall of the exhaust gas-guiding component in a fastening area (39) of the wall, and at the same time rotated about a longitudinal axis (A) of the connector to penetrate into the material forming the wall and a connection in substance is established between the metallic material of the wall and the metallic material of the sensor-mounting connector.

A turbine housing includes an accommodation space that accommodates a turbine wheel, a discharge passage connected to the accommodation space, and a bypass passage that extends from the scroll passage bypassing the accommodation space and is connected to the discharge passage. The bypass passage extends so that an end surface on an upstream side of the catalytic device is located on a center axis of the bypass passage. An air-fuel ratio sensor is located closer to a center axis of the accommodation space than the center axis of the bypass passage. A protuberance that protrudes from an inner wall surface of the discharge passage is located between the accommodation space and the air-fuel ratio sensor. The protuberance protrudes toward the center axis of the accommodation space.

Detecting manipulation of an SCR catalytic converter system of a motor vehicle. A control command (61) for the SCR catalytic converter system, transmitted from a control unit outside the motor vehicle, is received by the motor vehicle. Manipulation is detected (57) if a response (55) of the SCR catalytic converter system to the execution (54) of the control command (61) does not correspond to expectation. Embodiments also relate to monitoring manipulation of the SCR catalytic converter system. Here, a control command (61) for the SCR catalytic converter system is transmitted (41) to the motor vehicle (10) from a control unit (20) outside the motor vehicle.

A method for controlling a fill level of a catalytic converter that is in an exhaust aftertreatment system of an exhaust tract downstream from an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas sensor that is upstream of the catalytic converter measuring, and producing a signal representing, a concentration of an exhaust component; correcting a dynamic distortion present in the produced signal to produce a corrected signal; determining the fill level of the catalytic converter by inputting the corrected signal into a modeling function; and performing a control that modifies the fill level based on the determined fill level.

An internal combustion engine-based system includes an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes an engine interrupt connected to the engine. The engine interrupt is configured to selectively stop the operation of the engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a controller in communication with the engine interrupt. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a carbon monoxide detector in communication with the controller. The controller uses the engine interrupt to stop the operation of the engine when the carbon monoxide detector provides the controller with signals that are representative of a carbon monoxide level proximate the internal combustion engine that together form a trend of building carbon monoxide amounts over a set time interval.

An internal combustion engine-based system includes an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes an engine interrupt connected to the engine. The engine interrupt is configured to selectively stop the operation of the engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a controller in communication with the engine interrupt. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a carbon monoxide detector in communication with the controller. The controller uses the engine interrupt to stop the operation of the engine when the carbon monoxide detector provides the controller with signals that are representative of a carbon monoxide level proximate the internal combustion engine that together form a trend of building carbon monoxide amounts over a set time interval.

A machine learning device of an amount of unburned fuel using a neural network in which the correlation functions showing correlations between parameters and an amount of unburned fuel are found for parameters relating to operation of an internal combustion engine, and the parameters with strong degrees of correlation with the amount of unburned fuel exhausted from the engine are selected from among the parameters based on the correlation functions. The amount of unburned fuel is learned by using the neural network from the selected parameters and amount of unburned fuel.