There is a provided an exhaust gas conduit for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas conduit includes a main passage for a main flow of exhaust gases passing through the exhaust gas conduit, a chamber configured to receive an aliquot of exhaust gases separated from the main flow of exhaust gases. A mounting point is provided in the chamber for mounting an exhaust gas sensor. The chamber being configured to modify the velocity and/or the pressure of exhaust gases passing therethrough.

A hydrogen-oxygen cycle engine. The hydrogen-oxygen cycle engine comprises a cylinder assembly, a hydrogen supply assembly, an oxygen supply assembly, a cycling medium assembly, an atomized water assembly, a condensate water recovery assembly and a control system. Said engine has the advantages of reasonable structural design, high automation degree, no carbon emission, etc., and can thoroughly solve the problem of environmental pollution. Also provided is a using method for the engine.

An internal combustion engine-based system includes an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes an engine interrupt connected to the engine. The engine interrupt is configured to selectively stop the operation of the engine. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a controller in communication with the engine interrupt. The internal combustion engine-based system includes a carbon monoxide detector in communication with the controller. The controller uses the engine interrupt to stop the operation of the engine when the carbon monoxide detector provides the controller with signals that are representative of a carbon monoxide level proximate the internal combustion engine that together form a trend of building carbon monoxide amounts over a set time interval.

A misfire detecting device for an internal combustion engine, having a plurality of cylinders is provided with: a pulsation component acquiring unit for performing a frequency analysis of operating parameter data indicating a change over time in an operating parameter correlated with an overall operating state of the plurality of cylinders, and for acquiring a pulsation component spectrum, which is a frequency spectrum of pulsations of the internal combustion engine; a difference parameter acquiring unit for acquiring a difference parameter correlated with a degree of difference between the operations of each of the plurality of cylinders; and all-cylinder misfire determining unit for determining that an all-cylinder misfire has occurred in the internal combustion engine if the pulsation component spectrum acquired by the pulsation component acquiring unit falls below a first threshold and the difference parameter acquired by the difference parameter acquiring unit 12 falls below a second threshold.