A gasifier wall is formed of a plurality of pipes through which a cooling medium flows. The plurality of pipes are made of a first material and arranged side by side. At least a part of the gasifier wall includes an outer peripheral portion stacked on a periphery of each of the pipes and made of a second material having higher corrosion resistance than the pipes; a board disposed between the outer peripheral portion and an adjacent outer peripheral portion; and a welded portion coupling the outer peripheral portion and the board. The outer peripheral portion and the board constitute a wall surface that separates an internal space and an external space from each other. The outer peripheral portion covers an entire region of the pipe in a circumferential direction.

A gasifier wall is formed of a plurality of pipes through which a cooling medium flows. The plurality of pipes are made of a first material and arranged side by side. At least a part of the gasifier wall includes an outer peripheral portion stacked on a periphery of each of the pipes and made of a second material having higher corrosion resistance than the pipes; a board disposed between the outer peripheral portion and an adjacent outer peripheral portion; and a welded portion coupling the outer peripheral portion and the board. The outer peripheral portion and the board constitute a wall surface that separates an internal space and an external space from each other. The outer peripheral portion covers an entire region of the pipe in a circumferential direction.

A powder supply hopper pressurizing apparatus including a first buffer tank in which pressurizing gas to be supplied to a powder supply hopper is accumulated at a predetermined pressure, a second buffer tank, a lower part pressure adjustment nitrogen system connected to the powder supply hopper, to supply the gas toward powder fuel stored in the powder supply hopper when supplying the powder fuel to a burner, and a control unit that controls the first buffer tank to pressurize the powder supply hopper to a first pressure and then controls the second buffer tank to pressurize the powder supply hopper to a second pressure, and where the control unit determines that one of the first buffer tank or the second buffer tank is non-usable, the control unit pressurizes the powder supply hopper by use of the first or second buffer tank that is operable, and the gas supply system.

A powder supply hopper pressurizing apparatus including a first buffer tank in which pressurizing gas to be supplied to a powder supply hopper is accumulated at a predetermined pressure, a second buffer tank, a lower part pressure adjustment nitrogen system connected to the powder supply hopper, to supply the gas toward powder fuel stored in the powder supply hopper when supplying the powder fuel to a burner, and a control unit that controls the first buffer tank to pressurize the powder supply hopper to a first pressure and then controls the second buffer tank to pressurize the powder supply hopper to a second pressure, and where the control unit determines that one of the first buffer tank or the second buffer tank is non-usable, the control unit pressurizes the powder supply hopper by use of the first or second buffer tank that is operable, and the gas supply system.

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H.sub.2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endothermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H.sub.2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endothermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P1) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M21) and pyrolysis gas (M22) are formed. In a second process stage (P2), the pyrolysis coke (M21) from the first process stage (P1) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M24) is formed, and slag and other residues (M91, M92, M93, M94) are removed. In a third process stage (P3), the synthesis gas (M24) from the second process stage (P2) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M60), which are discharged. The three process stages (P1, P2, P3) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M25) from the third process stage (P3) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P1), and/or the second process stage (P2), and pyrolysis gas (M22) from the first process stage (P1) is passed into the second process stage (P2), and/or the third process stage (P3).

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P1) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M21) and pyrolysis gas (M22) are formed. In a second process stage (P2), the pyrolysis coke (M21) from the first process stage (P1) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M24) is formed, and slag and other residues (M91, M92, M93, M94) are removed. In a third process stage (P3), the synthesis gas (M24) from the second process stage (P2) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M60), which are discharged. The three process stages (P1, P2, P3) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M25) from the third process stage (P3) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P1), and/or the second process stage (P2), and pyrolysis gas (M22) from the first process stage (P1) is passed into the second process stage (P2), and/or the third process stage (P3).

A gasification apparatus for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock to produce raw syngas includes a gasifier in which the raw syngas flows, a heat exchanger provided inside the gasifier downstream to exchange heat with the raw syngas, a hanger pipe through which a part of water supplied from a water supply passage flows to support a load of the heat exchanger, a heat exchanger inflow passage configured to cause the water flowing out from the hanger pipe to flow to an inflow side of the heat exchanger, a bypass passage branching from the water supply passage to cause a remaining of the water supplied to the hanger pipe, a bypass valve provided in the bypass passage, and a control device configured to control, depending on a gasifier load, an opening degree of the bypass valve to adjust the water supplied to the hanger pipe and the bypass passage.

A gasification apparatus for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock to produce raw syngas includes a gasifier in which the raw syngas flows, a heat exchanger provided inside the gasifier downstream to exchange heat with the raw syngas, a hanger pipe through which a part of water supplied from a water supply passage flows to support a load of the heat exchanger, a heat exchanger inflow passage configured to cause the water flowing out from the hanger pipe to flow to an inflow side of the heat exchanger, a bypass passage branching from the water supply passage to cause a remaining of the water supplied to the hanger pipe, a bypass valve provided in the bypass passage, and a control device configured to control, depending on a gasifier load, an opening degree of the bypass valve to adjust the water supplied to the hanger pipe and the bypass passage.