An apparatus for controlling an engine includes an engine including a plurality of combustion chambers for generating driving torque by burning a fuel, a high-capacity turbocharger including a turbine rotated by the exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion chambers and a compressor rotated together with the turbine for compressing exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion chamber, an electric supercharger including a motor and an electric compressor operated by the motor, a throttle valve for adjusting an intake air amount supplied to the combustion chamber, a driving information detector for detecting driving information including a required torque and an engine speed, and a controller for determining a driving region of the engine from the driving information detected by the driving information detector, and controlling engine torque by adjusting an opening of the throttle valve and an output of the motor according to the driving region of the engine.

An electronic switching module for connecting first and second throttle assemblies to an electronic control module of a vehicle that controls an engine of the vehicle includes first throttle assembly ports adapted to receive first throttle primary sensor position data and first throttle secondary sensor position data and second throttle assembly ports adapted to receive second throttle primary sensor position data and second throttle secondary sensor position data. A controller is connected to the first and second throttle assembly ports and an electronic control module port and is adapted to receive and compare the first throttle primary sensor position data and the first throttle secondary sensor position data and send an engine idle signal to the electronic control module via the electronic control module port when the comparison does not show a first predetermined relationship. The controller is also adapted to receive and compare the second throttle primary sensor position data and the second throttle secondary sensor position data and send an engine idle signal to the electronic control module via the electronic control module port when the comparison does not show a second predetermined relationship.

A variable displacement controller for deactivating one or more cylinder assemblies of a vehicle engine can include a processor for performing various operations and the operations can include: receiving data indicative of a requested torque and vehicle speed, determining a torque variable timer threshold value based on the received data indicative of requested torque and vehicle speed, initiating a timer, comparing the timer value to the variable timer threshold value, and selectively activating/deactivating at least one of the engine cylinder assemblies based on the comparison between the timer value and the variable timer threshold value. At least one of the engine cylinder assemblies is activated if the timer value is less than the variable timer threshold value, and at least one of the engine cylinder assemblies is deactivated if the timer value is greater than or equal to the variable timer threshold value.

A controller for an internal combustion engine includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to increase an air amount that is suctioned into a cylinder while maintaining the lean air-fuel ratio as a first torque increasing operation in a case where target torque is increased during the operation at the lean air-fuel ratio such that torque is increased. The electronic control unit is configured to compute limit torque as an upper limit of the torque that can be realized in a case where the lean air-fuel ratio is kept for a certain time from a current time point. The electronic control unit is configured to switch to the operation at the theoretical air-fuel ratio and increase the torque as a second torque increasing operation in a case where the target torque becomes higher than the limit torque during execution of the first torque increasing operation.

A method of generating vehicle control data includes: storing, with a storage device, relationship prescription data; operating, with an execution device, an operable portion of an internal combustion engine; acquiring, with the execution device, a detection value from a sensor that detects the state of the vehicle; calculating, with the execution device, a reward; and updating, with the execution device, the relationship prescription data using update mapping determined in advance, the update mapping using the state of the vehicle based on the detection value, an operation amount used to operate the operable portion, and the reward corresponding to the operation as arguments, and returning the relationship prescription data which have been updated such that an expected profit for the reward calculated when the operable portion is operated in accordance with the relationship prescription data increases.

The present disclosure relates to a hybrid electric vehicle configured to respond to a required torque while reducing exhaust gas emission in a situation where catalyst heating of an engine is not completed, and a driving control method for the hybrid electric vehicle. The driving control method of the hybrid electric vehicle comprises entering catalyst heating control of an engine when there is a request for catalyst heating and a required torque exceeds a first threshold during traveling in a first mode using an electric motor as a driving source, and entering acceleration feeling increase control when the required torque exceeds a second threshold greater than the first threshold, in which the second threshold is set between the first threshold and a third threshold that is a reference for an entry into a second mode using the engine as the driving source.

A method for calibrating a drive of a throttle valve of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle includes detecting whether the internal combustion engine is currently running or is not running. The method further includes activating the drive to displace the throttle valve into a target position if it is detected that the internal combustion engine is currently not running. The method further includes calibrating a characteristic at the target position. A correlation between a rotor position of the drive and an output voltage of a throttle valve angle transducer follows a characteristic.

A surgical stapler including an anvil, a staple cartridge, and a buttress material removably retained to the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In various embodiments, the staple cartridge can include at least one staple removably stored therein which can, when deployed, or fired, therefrom, contact the buttress material and remove the buttress material from the anvil and/or staple cartridge. In at least one embodiment, the anvil can include at least one lip and/or groove configured to removably retain the buttress material to the anvil until deformable members extending from the surgical staple are bent by the anvil and are directed toward and contact the buttress material.

Control techniques for a turbocharger of an engine utilize a wastegate valve configured to divert exhaust gas from a turbine of the turbocharger that is rotatably coupled to a compressor of the turbocharger. A controller is utilized to obtain a torque request for the engine, determine a target compressor power based on the engine torque request, determine a normalized target turbine power based on the target compressor power, determine a target position for the wastegate valve based on the normalized target turbine power and a normalized exhaust flow, and actuate the wastegate valve to the target position. Such control techniques involve the actual calculation of much less intermediate parameters, such as target turbine pressure ratio, which results in more efficient calibration and implementation.

An engine control system for a vehicle includes a target torque module that determines a target torque output of an engine based on at least one driver input. A target air per cylinder (APC) module determines a target APC for the engine based on the target torque. A target mass airflow (MAF) module determines a target MAF through a throttle valve of the engine based on the target APC, a number of activated cylinders of the engine, and a total number of cylinders of the engine. A throttle control module determines a target throttle opening based on the target MAF and controls opening of the throttle valve based on the target throttle opening.