An engine including a main fuel injection valve, a pilot fuel injection valve, a liquid fuel supply rail pipe, and a pilot fuel supply rail pipe. The main fuel injection valve supplies liquid fuel from the liquid fuel supply rail pipe to a combustion chamber during combustion in a diffusion combustion system. The pilot fuel injection valve supplies pilot fuel from the pilot fuel supply rail pipe to the combustion chamber in order to ignite gaseous fuel during combustion in a premixed combustion system. The liquid fuel supply rail pipe is disposed at one side of an imaginary vertical plane including an axis of a crank shaft. The pilot fuel supply rail pipe is disposed at the side of the imaginary vertical plane at which the liquid fuel supply rail pipe is disposed.

A fuel control system can operate an internal combustion engine to selectively combust a first fuel, such as diesel, during a single fuel mode and to combust the first fuel and a second fuel, such natural gas, during a fuel substitution mode. An in-cylinder parameter sensor is in communication with the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to measure an in-cylinder parameter such as, for example, the indicated mean effective pressure, during combustion of the first fuel during the single fuel mode. The fuel control system utilizes the in-cylinder parameter to determine a first fuel quantity error and can adjust delivery of the first fuel to correct for the first fuel quantity error during the single fuel and fuel substitution modes. The fuel control system can also use the first fuel quantity error to determine and adjust for a second fuel quantity error.

A fuel mixer includes a first compartment, a second compartment, a third compartment, a plurality of cooling tubes, and at least one flow pipe. The second compartment is in fluid communication with the first compartment and is at least partially above the first compartment. The third compartment is in fluid communication with the first compartment and is at least partially above the first compartment. The plurality of cooling tubes are disposed in the second compartment and extend between the first compartment and the third compartment, thereby allowing fuel to flow from the first compartment to the third compartment. The at least one flow pipe is disposed in the second compartment and has an open top end, thereby allowing fuel to flow from the second compartment to the first compartment.

A system for exchanging of different fuels that can be used for operation of an engine. The system includes a fuel exchange unit, a control and an exchange return conduit. The fuel exchange unit is configured to deliver a first fuel at pressure into the injections system given a switched-off engine, in order to replace a second fuel, which is located in the injection system, with the first fuel. A fuel delivery system includes a media converter which includes a deflectable element. The media converter is driven by a drive unit via the fluid by way of the fluid being able to be led at a varying pressure to the media transformer via a first feed conduit, and is configured to deliver the fuel via a pumping effect.

A method of characterizing a mixed fuel flow period is provided. The method includes flowing a mixed fuel, the mixed fuel being comprised of at least a first fuel type and a second fuel type, the mixed fuel flow period being determined where the fuel is switched from the first fuel type to the second fuel type, determining a density of the first fuel type and a density of the second fuel type, and determining a total flow, the total flow being determined from the density of the first fuel type and the density of the second fuel type.

A conventional gasoline engine is retrofitted and calibrated to operate as a bi-fuel engine using Hydrogen as the second fuel. When operated with Hydrogen, which typically leads to a reduction of engine output power, the engine is preferably operated in a charged mode and in a lean mode with the engine throttle kept in a wide open position during charged and lean mode operation resulting in a more efficient engine with a reduction of engine output power loss.

A multi-fuel engine includes an engine operable on a liquid fuel and first and second gaseous fuels. The multi-fuel engine also includes a liquid cutoff solenoid selectively operable between open and closed positions to allow and inhibit a flow of the liquid fuel to the engine and at least one gaseous cutoff valve selectively operable between open and closed positions to allow and inhibit a flow of the first and second gaseous fuels to the engine. A jet block couples the first gaseous fuel source and the second gaseous fuel source to a carburetor connected to an intake of the engine, with the jet block being located downstream from the at least one gaseous cutoff valve. The jet block includes a first gaseous fuel jet to meter the first gaseous fuel to the carburetor and a second gaseous fuel jet to meter the second gaseous fuel to the carburetor.

A dual fuel engine includes an engine operable on a gaseous fuel and a liquid fuel and a switch to change operation of the engine between gaseous fuel and liquid fuel. The dual fuel engine also includes a carburetor attached to an intake of the engine to mix air and fuel and connect to a gaseous fuel source and a liquid fuel source. A liquid fuel cut-off attaches to the carburetor to interrupt liquid fuel upon actuation of the switch from liquid fuel to gaseous fuel.

A system for exchanging of different fuels that can be used for operation of an engine. The system includes a fuel exchange unit, a control and an exchange return conduit. The fuel exchange unit is configured to deliver a first fuel at pressure into the injections system given a switched-off engine, in order to replace a second fuel, which is located in the injection system, with the first fuel. A fuel delivery system includes a media converter which includes a deflectable element. The media converter is driven by a drive unit via the fluid by way of the fluid being able to be led at a varying pressure to the media transformer via a first feed conduit, and is configured to deliver the fuel via a pumping effect.

A conventional gasoline engine is retrofitted and calibrated to operate as a bi-fuel engine using Hydrogen as the second fuel. When operated with Hydrogen, which typically leads to a reduction of engine output power, the engine is preferably operated in a charged mode and in a lean mode with the engine throttle kept in a wide open position during charged and lean mode operation resulting in a more efficient engine with a reduction of engine output power loss.