A method and an apparatus for controlling a mild hybrid electric vehicle are provided. The method includes detecting data for operating the vehicle and determining a target torque of an engine based on the detected data. Additionally, the method includes determining whether an operating condition of a limiting logic of a combustion torque of the engine is satisfied based on a temperature of coolant of the engine and operating the limiting logic when the operating condition of the limiting logic is satisfied. A first available combustion torque of the engine is determined based on a speed of the engine and the temperature of the coolant when the limiting logic is operated and a target torque of a MHSG is determined based on the target torque of the engine and the first available combustion torque of the engine. The MHSG is then operated to generate the target torque of the MHSG.

A method for sensing a closing time of an injector using an artificial neural network may include: sensing, by a controller, a voltage generated by an injector; performing, by the controller, a preprocess to derive an input matrix using variation characteristics of the voltage; and performing, by the controller, a closing time prediction to derive a closing time of the injector by an artificial neural network model including an input layer including the input matrix, a hidden layer, and an output layer.

A method for controlling an air-cooled internal combustion engine (ICE) of a motor vehicle controlled by an electronic control unit, includes: activating the electronic control unit; zeroing stored values of temperature of the ICE and the filtered filtering coefficient; in one iteration, —determining whether the ICE is operating, determining a filtering coefficient and a temperature setpoint, —determining a filtered filtering coefficient based on the filtering coefficient and the stored filtered filtering coefficient value, —determining temperature of the ICE according to the coefficient, temperature setpoint and stored temperature of the ICE, —determining whether the ICE is moving and whether the difference between engine temperature and admitted air temperature is below a threshold, ⋅ if not, storing the filtered filtering coefficient and the temperature of the ICE, then beginning a new iteration, and ⋅ if so, transmitting a signal authorizing the shutdown of the electronic control unit.

A system for controlling actuation of an electromagnetic actuator includes an actuator having an electrical coil, a magnetic core, and an armature. A controllable drive circuit is responsive to an electric power flow signal for driving current through the electrical coil to actuate the armature. A control module includes an armature motion observer configured to determine an armature motion parameter in the actuator based upon a magnetic flux within the actuator and a predetermined mechanical equation of motion corresponding to the actuator and adapt the electric power flow signal based on the armature motion parameter.

An internal combustion engine includes an air charging system. A method to control the air charging system includes providing a desired operating target command for the air charging system, and monitoring operating parameters of the air charging system. An error between the desired operating target command for the air charging system and the corresponding one of said operating parameters of the air charging system is determined, and scheduled PID gains are determined based on the error utilizing a PID controller. An adaptive algorithm is applied to modify the scheduled PID gains, and a system control command for the air charging system is determined based upon the modified scheduled PID gains. The air charging system is controlled based upon the system control command for the air charging system.

A CPU substitutes a difference between a crank-side speed that is a rotation speed of a crankshaft and a downstream-side speed that is a speed of a portion, opposite from the crankshaft, in a damper into a differential speed. The CPU calculates a torsion angle through a process of integrating the differential speed. The CPU calculates a torsion speed component that is a speed component of the crankshaft due to torsion of the damper based on a process of integrating a value obtained by multiplying the torsion angle by an elastic modulus, and calculates a time that is a variable indicating a speed of the crankshaft, used to determine a misfire, based on the torsion speed component. The CPU subtracts a value obtained by subtracting an output value of the integrating process, applied to a finite response low-pass filter process, from the output value.

This control device for an internal combustion engine is equipped with: an air/fuel ratio sensor provided to the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine; and an engine control device that controls the internal combustion engine according to the output of the air/fuel ratio sensor. The air/fuel ratio sensor is equipped with: a gas chamber to be measured, into which exhaust gas flows; a pump cell that pumps oxygen into or out of the gas chamber to be measured according to the pump current; and a reference cell of which the reference cell output current detected varies according to the air/fuel ratio inside the gas chamber to be measured. The reference cell is equipped with: a first electrode that is exposed to the exhaust gas in the gas chamber to be measured; a second electrode exposed to a reference atmosphere; and a solid electrolyte layer arranged between the electrodes. The air/fuel ratio sensor is equipped with: a reference cell voltage applying device that applies a sensor applied voltage between the electrodes; and a reference cell output current detection device that detects, as the reference cell output current, the current flowing between the electrodes.

The system, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises a stationary coil linear motor to drive a valve with a stem comprising a ferromagnetic property. The linear motor moves the valve in response to control governed by an electronic valve control computer. The valve is movable between a closed position at a selectable rate of both acceleration and speed for a selectable distance (“lift”) to a second selectable open position, including all position variations between the fully open and fully closed states. Valve position, velocity and acceleration can be varied both during a valve stroke and from one stroke to the next, as controlled by the logic programmed on a non-transitive memory of the electronic valve control computer.

A system to predict calibration values for a vehicle. The system is configured to receive a plurality of training data sets for a component of the vehicle. Each of the plurality of training data sets includes one or more training inputs and one or more corresponding training outputs. The system is further configured to automatically develop a prediction model based on the plurality of training data sets. The system is further configured to receive an input data set and determine, using the prediction model, a predicted calibration value based on the input data set. The system is further configured to transmit the predicted calibration value to an electronic control unit of the vehicle.

A variety of methods and arrangements are described for controlling transitions between firing fractions during skip fire operation of an engine in order to help reduce undesirable NVH consequences and otherwise smooth the transitions. In general, both feed forward and feedback control are utilized in the determination of the firing fractions during transitions such that the resulting changes in the firing fraction better track cylinder air charge changing dynamics associated with the transition.