A method for avoiding a measurement error of an air flow sensor for a vehicle includes an engine control unit (ECU) which predicts, in advance, occurrence of the contamination by foreign materials included in the air or condensation of moisture on a sensor measurement plate of the air flow sensor, and performs an operation for preventing the contamination by foreign materials or the condensation of moisture when the occurrence is predicted, to avoid the measurement error of the air flow sensor due to the contamination by foreign materials or the condensation of moisture on the sensor measurement plate.

An intake and exhaust system for preventing generation of condensed water may include: an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system circulating some of combustion gas from an exhaust pipe to an intake pipe; an active purging system compressing and supplying evaporation gas generated from a fuel tank to the intake pipe; and a controller to control the EGR system and the active purging system. In particular, the controller calculates a saturated water vapor pressure based on temperature at a position between the EGR system and the intake pipe, and calculates a saturated water vapor pressure based on temperature of the intake pipe and then compares one of the two saturated water vapor pressures with a water vapor pressure of intake air so as to reduce an EGR rate of the EGR system or a purging rate of the active purging system based on the comparison result.

A system includes one or more processors configured to obtain environmental data geographically and temporally corresponding to scheduled travel of a vehicle system. The one or more processors are further configured to determine a power output capability range for the vehicle system traveling during a trip based on the environmental data that is obtained. The one or more processors are also configured to communicate instructions to at least one of a propulsion system of the vehicle system or a vehicle controller of the vehicle system for controlling movement of the vehicle system during the trip such that the vehicle system produces a power output within the power output capability range as the vehicle system travels. The environmental data includes historical values of one or more of temperature, pressure, or air constituency in geographic areas through which the vehicle system will travel during the trip.

A test method for a vehicle powertrain includes, during a first test of a first vehicle or a portion of a first vehicle on a dynamometer, coordinatingly controlling (i) an accelerator pedal, an accelerator pedal signal, a fuel injector, a manifold pressure, a motor controller, or a throttle valve according to a load schedule and (ii) the dynamometer according to a speed schedule such that the dynamometer applies dynamic torque that causes a powertrain of the first vehicle or portion of the first vehicle to produce dynamic powertrain torque. The test method also includes recording values defining a history of the dynamic torque, and during a second test of the first vehicle or portion of the first vehicle on the dynamometer or another dynamometer, or during a second test of a second vehicle or a portion of a second vehicle on the dynamometer or another dynamometer, coordinatingly controlling (iii) an accelerator pedal, an accelerator pedal signal, a fuel injector, a manifold pressure, a motor controller, or a throttle valve according to the values defining the history of the dynamic torque and (iv) the dynamometer or the another dynamometer according to the speed schedule such that the dynamometer or the another dynamometer applies dynamic torque that causes a powertrain of the first vehicle or portion of the first vehicle or a powertrain of the second vehicle or portion of the second vehicle to reproduce the dynamic powertrain torque.

An electronic control unit (ECU) obtains outside air humidity information from a sensor disposed outside a vehicle compartment and inside air humidity information from a sensor inside the vehicle compartment. The ECU includes a humidity information obtainer obtaining the inside air humidity information, a humidity change calculator calculating the inside air humidity information as a difference between (i) a physical quantity correlated with humidity before a start of a dehumidification or a humidification and (ii) a physical quantity correlated with humidity after a switch-off of the dehumidification or the humidification, a soak time calculator calculating, based on the difference of the physical quantities, a soak time from the switch-off of the dehumidification or the humidification to a sensor-diag startable time at which a diagnosis of the outside air humidity sensor is startable, and a comparator comparing the outside air humidity information and the inside air humidity information after a lapse of the soak time from the switch-off of the dehumidification or the humidification.

Methods and systems are provided for adjusting an amount of water injected upstream of a group of cylinders based on a determined maldistribution of water among cylinders during a water injection event. In one example, a method may include injecting a first amount of water upstream of a first group of cylinders and a different, second amount of water upstream of a second group of cylinders based on operating conditions of the respective cylinder groups. Further, the method may include adjusting water injection and engine operating parameters in response the evaporated and/or condensed portion of water.

The deterioration of combustion due to condensed water flowing into a cylinder is suppressed as much as possible. A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine is applied to an internal combustion engine which includes a fuel injection valve that directly injects fuel into a cylinder and a spark plug. The internal combustion engine is constructed so that the fuel goes to the spark plug. The control apparatus comprising a controller configured to: predict whether condensed water flows into the cylinder during an intake stroke; and carry out first injection control to perform fuel injection in a predetermined period of time within a period of time which is after closure of an exhaust valve and before the condensed water flows into the cylinder, and second injection control to perform fuel injection in a compression stroke before ignition, if an inflow of the condensed water into the cylinder is predicted.

In order to provide a temperature and humidity sensor with improved reliability, the temperature and humidity sensor in which all or part of a case of the temperature and humidity sensor is inserted into a main duct for causing gas to pass through and which detects humidity of the gas, includes: a first sub-passage configured as a part of the case, a part of the gas passing through the main duct flowing in substantially the same direction as a flow in the main duct; a throttle section provided between an inlet and an outlet of the first sub-passage and on an inner surface of the first sub-passage, the throttle section having a throttle whose cross-sectional area is smaller than an average cross-sectional area of the entire first sub-passage; and a second sub-passage which connects an upstream side and a downstream side of the throttle section and is different from the first sub-passage. The first sub-passage and an inlet and an outlet of the second sub-passage are connected via respective connection ports, and the connection port between the inlet of the second sub-passage and the first sub-passage or the connection port between the outlet of the second sub-passage and the first sub-passage is provided on a side where a throttle is not provided when viewed from an axis in an upstream and downstream direction of the flow in the first sub-passage.

Methods and systems are provided for coordinating water usage with spark usage based on the effect on an engine torque ratio. Water is injected based on torque ratio at a current spark timing relative to torque ratio at borderline knock to improve the impact of the water injection on the engine performance. Manifold water injection and direct water injected are coordinated based on intake manifold humidity.

A test method for a vehicle powertrain includes, during a first test in which dynamic engine torque from a powertrain drives a vehicle on a road, recording throttle position or accelerator pedal position to define a throttle schedule, and recording engine speed to define an engine speed schedule. The test method further includes, during a second test of a vehicle engine, controlling a dynamometer and the vehicle engine according to the engine speed schedule and throttle schedule to reproduce the dynamic engine torque.