The present invention discloses an apparatus for optimizing the fuel/air mixing process of an internal combustion engine. The bottom surface of the cylinder head is provided with a plurality of brackets; a ring is fixed to the brackets; and the ring may be an integrated ring body and may also be composed of a plurality of small segments. The ring is positioned opposite to a fuel injector and located in an area where fuel flows in the the combustion chamber. The ring can continuously guides the fuelduring the fuel injection process. The ring can be arranged in the liquid-phase region, the gas-liquid two-phase region or the gas-phase region. When the location of the ring interferes with the movement of valves of the internal combustion engine, the part of the ring body that interferes with the movement of the valves can be removed.

A compression ignited combustion engine has at least one cylinder and first and second gas intake ports in a cylinder head restricting a combustion chamber. One gas intake passage leads to the two ports and is widened in a Y-shaped end influencing gas entering each port into a tangential flow in opposite direction with respect to the flow into the other port. The first intake port is designed to allow gas entering this port to continue said tangential flow so as to enter the combustion chamber in a swirl in a first rotation direction, whereas the second intake port is designed to guide gas entering this port to also enter the combustion chamber in a swirl in said first rotation direction.

An intake device of an internal combustion engine includes a partition, a control valve, and a third passage. The partition divides an interior of an intake pipe that couples with a combustion chamber into a first passage and a second passage. The control valve is capable of opening and closing the first passage. The third passage opens at or near a coupling site between the partition and the intake pipe on an inner face of the second passage. The third passage is configured to be capable of sucking in at least a part of a boundary layer produced at or near the coupling site by a vapor flowing through the second passage in a state in which the control valve is working in a direction of closing the first passage.

An internal combustion-type engine or powertrain that is capable of burning wet-alcohol fuel mixture and including a piston reciprocating within a cylinder attached to a cylinder head and connecting to a crank shaft via a connecting rod. An intake cam and valve is mounted within an intake port formed in the cylinder head and an exhaust cam and valve is mounted within an exhaust port also formed in the cylinder head. A pressurized fuel source is introduced into the cylinder by a fuel injector and the percentage of water in the alcohol/water mix operates to prolong the cylinder pressure in order to increase a mean effective pressure (IMEP), leading to a higher torque (improved Brake Mean Effective Pressure—BMEP) of the engine via a longer pressure pulse attained during the period of preferred mechanical advantage of the crank-arm of the engine.

An engine includes: a cylinder head that forms an intake port connected to a combustion chamber; a throttle body that is joined to the intake port and adjusts a degree of an opening of an intake passage by rotating a throttle vale around a rotation axis of a valve shaft, the throttle vale being fixed to the valve shaft; and a case that stores a drive member and supports a drive motor, the drive member being fixed to the valve shaft, the drive motor generating a drive force that is transmitted to the drive member. The case overlaps with the intake port as seen in a side view. Accordingly, in the engine, it is possible to reduce the volume of the intake passage between the throttle valve and the combustion chamber.

An internal combustion engine for a vehicle is provided, having at least one cylinder with a first gas exchange inlet valve, a second gas exchange inlet valve, a first gas exchange outlet valve, a second gas exchange outlet valve, and a piston with a piston crown which has a plurality of valve seat pockets. In each case one valve seat pocket is provided for the first gas exchange inlet valve, the second gas exchange inlet valve, the first gas exchange outlet valve and the second gas exchange outlet valve, and the plurality of valve seat pockets have at least partially different depths. Alternatively, one valve seat pocket is provided for the first gas exchange inlet valve and the first gas exchange outlet valve, and no valve seat pocket is provided for the second gas exchange inlet valve and/or for the second gas exchange outlet valve.

In a spark-ignition internal combustion engine in which a protrusion including an intake-side inclined surface and an exhaust-side inclined surface is formed on a top surface of a piston, and a cavity is formed in the protrusion at a position associated with a spark plug, the intake-side inclined surface and the exhaust-side inclined surface are formed in such a way that an inclination angle of the exhaust-side inclined surface is smaller than an inclination angle of the intake-side inclined surface, and a difference in inclination angle between the intake-side inclined surface and the exhaust-side inclined surface is 4 degrees or larger.

The application relates to internal combustion engines, cylinder heads, exhaust passages, and shapes and configurations of the exhaust passages. The exhaust passage may have cross-sectional shapes formed by two limbs. The cross-sectional shape of the exhaust passage may change as the passage extends. The exhaust passage may also merge with other exhaust passage. The exhaust passage may be part of a cylinder head or an exhaust manifold.

In a cylinder head according to an example of the present disclosure, a pair of intake ports communicating with the common combustion chamber are formed so that the wall thickness of the port walls on opposing sides is relatively small and the wall thickness of the port walls on reversing sides is relatively large. Herein, the opposing side is the side on which the port walls of the pair of the intake ports face each other. The reversing side is the side opposite to the opposing side. That is, the reversing side is the side on which the port walls of the pair of the intake ports face away from each other. An inter-ports flow path for flowing the cooling water is formed between the port walls on the opposing sides of the pair of the intake ports.

A valve bridge to operatively interface with a rocker arm and a valve, and systems, assemblies, and methods thereof can comprise: a body, of the valve bridge, having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a first leg of the valve bridge extending from the first side of the body, a second leg of the valve bridge extending from the first side of the body, and a third leg of the valve bridge extending from the first side of the body. A first pin can extend from an end of the first leg opposite the body, and a second pin can extend from an end of the second leg opposite the body.