Apparatus for injection of fluid into an extruder is provided, including a static mixer section with a pipe assembly coupled with the static mixer outlet and leading to the extruder barrel; the pipe assembly outlet and barrel injection opening have diameters less than the maximum internal diameter of the static mixer casing. The invention greatly simplifies the fluid injection apparatus used with extruders, while giving more efficient absorption of thermal energy with a minimum of environmental contamination, and the ability to inject multiple streams into the extruder.

An edible pet chew 114 has a first casing 10 of plant base material and a second protein 12 of flavored material for example jerky that is wrapped with the first sheet to form alternating layers in the edible pet chew.

An extruder (20) is specifically designed for the production of animal feed products (e.g., aquatic feeds) containing substantial quantities of low-cost fibrous materials, such as rice byproducts, at high production rates. The extruder (20) includes an elongated barrel (22) with a screw assembly (24) within the barrel and an endmost extrusion die assembly (34). The screw assembly (24) includes an inlet screw assembly (42) and a processing screw assembly (44). The assembly (44) includes screw components (50-56) of differential pitch to present a long pitch inlet section (64) and a tight pitch discharge section (68). Materials passing through the screw assembly (24) are successively subjected to high levels of steam injection (STE) followed by high levels of friction and shear (SME), so that the STE/SME ratio is at least about 6/1.

Apparatus (20) for injection of fluid into extrusion system components such as a preconditioner (24) or extruder (100) is provided, preferably as a composite assembly including a fluid injection valve (52) and an interconnected static mixer section (54). Alternately, use may be made of the fluid injection valve (52) or static mixer section (54) alone. The invention greatly simplifies the fluid injection apparatus used in extrusion systems, while giving more efficient absorption of thermal energy with a minimum of environmental contamination, and the ability to inject multiple streams into the extrusion systems.

A pressure device has a rifled barrel, a rifled end cap, a section clamped to the barrel, a circular flange welded to a threaded male pipe connection, a plate with holes or a cone, a female cap receiving the plate and aligning the holes to the rifling in the barrel, and the flange threadily engaging the cap, securing the plate. The rifled barrel provides shearing, increased pressure, and higher temperatures upon the passing crop residue. The increased surface area of the rifling grooves increases temperature and pressure between the crop residue and the barrel wall. The rifling, when misaligned, creates a pressure chamber that further breaks down the molecules in the crop residue. The crop residue then enters a popper device. The pressure in the popper device forces the crop residue through the holes of plate or around an encased cone, relieving excess pressure and producing a nutritional animal feed.

A process to remove the glucosinolates of oilseed meals, such as Brassica carinata oilseed meals, is provided. In one embodiment, exogenous myrosinase is used to convert the glucosinolates to volatile isothiocyanate compounds, which can then be removed under conditions of mild heat and negative pressure. In another embodiment, heat and pressure are used to remove glucosinolates from Brassica carinata oilseed. The processed meals may contain less than 80% of their starting levels of glucosinolates and may be suitable for use in various applications, including as animal feeds.

A system and method for flaking. The system includes a stationary roller, and moveable roller, and an adjustable fixator applying tension between the stationary and moveable rollers. The fixator includes a pressure transducer and a linear indicator. The transducer and indicator allow the fixator to read pressures and make fine adjustments to the fixator to obtain a desired gap between the two rollers.

An apparatus and method for processing grain material to generate a consistently high densified grain with a desired length, shape and size. The densified grain processing apparatus comprises a die assembly, a cooling assembly and a break-off assembly. The method includes receiving the grain material by the die assembly and forcing the grain material through an extrusion passageway that evenly distributes the grain material into a plurality of orifices thereby producing a high density shaped grain before the grain material exits the die assembly. A coolant is pumped to a coolant passage by means of an at least one pump and cools the shaped grain by passing the shaped grain through at least one of the cooling tube inside a cooling chamber. The break-off assembly then breaks off a predetermined length of the shaped grain.

An animal feed producing system comprises a compression screw assembly. The compression screw assembly includes at least a first screw, a second screw and a plurality of barrels. The first and second screws include a plurality of flights and roots. The plurality of screws is configured such that they include a plurality of sections. Each section comprises a set of plurality of flights and a plurality of roots configured to perform a specific compression function, such as perpendicular compression and lateral compression.

A system and method for flaking. The system includes a stationary roller, and moveable roller, and an adjustable fixator applying tension between the stationary and moveable rollers. The fixator includes a pressure transducer and a linear indicator. The transducer and indicator allow the fixator to read pressures and make fine adjustments to the fixator to obtain a desired gap between the two rollers.