The present invention provides systems, methods and apparatus to overcome limitations of liquid fuel engine combustion. Liquid fuel is mixed with superheated water which vaporizes, mixes with air and ignites within the injector nozzle. The injector nozzles then accelerate the mixture into the engine combustion chamber where unburned fuel vapor mixes and burns. Combustion begins the instant of injection and increases uniformly. Combustion pressure builds progressively. Combustion of fuel vapor is more ideal, and better controlled. As part of the system and apparatus, the present disclosure also includes a low-cost high-speed solenoid valve which produces shorter injection pulses. It also includes a high-speed, high-air-volume solenoid fuel valve. In addition, the present invention and its disclosure create tools to develop and optimize this new method of fuel vapor injection.

A fuel heater and vaporizing system comprising an engine; a source of fuel coupled to the engine through a fuel supply line; multiple stages of thermal sources thermally coupled to the fuel supply line between the source of fuel and the engine, wherein the multiple stages of thermal sources are configured to heat the fuel; at least one catalyst system configured to supply a source of ions and H.sub.2 coupled to the fuel supply, and a sustainable water injection sub-system coupled to the engine, the sustainable water injection sub-system configured to inject water vapor into the engine.

Provided are an emulsion fuel supply device capable of stably driving a combustion apparatus with a simple device configuration, and a supply method of an emulsion fuel. A device 1 is a device for supplying the emulsion fuel to a combustion apparatus 70, including a processed water generation device 10 for removing Ca and Mg ions from raw water and allowing to remain or adding Na ions in the raw water, tanks 20 and 30, a section for merging a fuel oil from the tank 30 and processed water from the tank 20, a section 50 for producing the emulsion fuel from a mixture of the merged fuel oil and processed water, and a section for supplying the emulsion fuel to the combustion apparatus 70.

A control apparatus of an engine including a cylinder into which a piston is reciprocatably fitted is provided. The apparatus includes a fuel injector, a water injector, and a controller. The controller includes an engine load determining module for receiving a parameter and determining whether an engine operating range is within a low high load range or a high load range. Within the low load range, the controller controls the fuel injector to inject fuel into a center region of a combustion chamber. Within the high load range, the controller controls the fuel injector to inject the fuel in a period between a latter half of compression stroke and an early half of expansion stroke, and the water injector to inject supercritical water or subcritical water toward a crown surface of the piston in a period that is after the injection and before a mixture gas ignition.

A control apparatus of a premixed charge compression ignition engine that includes an engine body having a cylinder and causes a mixture gas containing fuel and air to self-ignite inside the cylinder is provided. The apparatus includes a fuel injector for injecting the fuel into the cylinder, a water injector for injecting supercritical water or subcritical water into the cylinder, and a controller. The controller includes an operating range determining module for receiving a parameter and determining whether an operating range of the engine body is within a water injection range. Within the water injection range, the controller controls the fuel and water injectors to inject the supercritical water or subcritical water between a latter half of compression stroke and an early half of expansion stroke, and to start this injection at a timing that is after the fuel injection and before ignition of the mixture gas.

A control apparatus of a premixed charge compression ignition engine that includes an engine body having a cylinder and intake and exhaust passages, and causes a mixture gas to self-ignite inside the cylinder is provided. The apparatus includes a fuel injector for injecting fuel into the cylinder, a water injector for injecting supercritical water or subcritical water into the cylinder, an EGR passage for communicating the exhaust and intake passages and recirculating, as EGR gas, a portion of an exhaust gas discharged from the cylinder to the intake passage, an EGR valve for adjusting an EGR gas recirculation amount, and a controller. The controller includes an engine load determining module for receiving a parameter and determining whether an engine operating state is a first state where the engine load is below a switch load or a second state where the engine load is the switch load or above.

A system includes a condensate injection system configured to fluidly couple to a combustion chamber of a reciprocating engine and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system of the reciprocating engine. The condensate injection system includes a condensate tank configured to store condensate collected from the EGR system. The condensate injection system also includes a pump fluidly coupled to the condensate tank. The condensate injection system also includes an injector fluidly coupled to the pump. The injector is configured to inject condensate into the combustion chamber during a first portion of an engine cycle of the reciprocating engine. The first portion of the engine cycle includes at least part of a power stroke and/or an exhaust stroke of the engine cycle.

A vehicle comprising a hydrogen power system for powering the vehicle, and a dump box movable between a first position for receiving load to be carried by the vehicle in an upwardly open first space of the dump box, and a second position in which the dump box is tilted for emptying load from the first space of the dump box, wherein the hydrogen power system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell or an internal combustion engine for hydrogen, and a condenser fluidly connected to an exhaust of the hydrogen fuel cell or of the internal combustion engine, wherein the condenser is fluidly connected to the dump box such that water from the condenser is able to accumulate in the dump box when the dump box is in the first position.

A system includes a condensate injection system configured to fluidly couple to a combustion chamber of a reciprocating engine and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system of the reciprocating engine. The condensate injection system includes a condensate tank configured to store condensate collected from the EGR system. The condensate injection system also includes a pump fluidly coupled to the condensate tank. The condensate injection system also includes an injector fluidly coupled to the pump. The injector is configured to inject condensate into the combustion chamber during a first portion of an engine cycle of the reciprocating engine. The first portion of the engine cycle includes at least part of a power stroke and/or an exhaust stroke of the engine cycle.

The present invention relates to a filter medium comprising an antimicrobial compound, a method for producing the filter medium, the filter element, a filter system as well as the use of the filter medium for the filtration of water in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.